'.  .'V  lUpl 


Geological  Sciences 


MIISTEEAL    TABLES 

FOR   THE    DETERMINATION    OF   MINERALS   BY 
THEIR    PHYSICAL    PROPERTIES. 


BY 

AKTHUK  S.  EAKLE,  PH.D., 

Assistant  Professor  of  Mineralogy,  University  of  California* 


FIRST  EDITION. 
SECOND   THOUSAND. 


NEW  YORK : 

JOHN  WILEY  &   SONS. 

LONDON:   CHAPMAN  &  HALL,   LIMITED. 

1906 


Copyright,  1904, 

BY 

ARTHUR   S.    EAKLE. 


y 


ROBERT  DRUMMOND,   PRINTER,  NEW  YORK. 


INTRODUCTION. 


THE  natural  method  of  identifying  minerals  is  by  using  those  charac- 
ters which  are  prominent  or  which  can  be  determined  in  the  field  or 
laboratory  in  the  simplest  manner.  Practice  in  the  determination  of 
minerals  by  their  physical  properties  tends  to  develop  the  habit  of 
close  and  careful  observation,  and  at  the  same  time  enables  the  student 
to  acquire  more  knowledge  of  minerals  in  a  given  time  than  could  be 
obtained  by  any  other  method.  Experience  has  demonstrated  that 
work  in  blowpipe  analysis  is  less  apt  to  become  merely  mechanical  if 
it  has  been  preceded  by  such  practice. 

The  tables  include  the  common  minerals  and  a  few  others  of  local 
prominence,  which  are  generally  considered  as  rare  in  occurrence.  The 
minerals  are  arranged  primarily  according  to  streak  and  color,  as  seen 
in  the  Analytical  Key.  and  under  each  color  the  arrangement  is  accord- 
ing to  hardness.  The  tables  differ  from  those  of  Weisbach  chiefly  in 
disregarding  luster  as  an  important  division  and  in  maintaining  the 
same  syctcm  of  arrangement  throughout.  Various  works  on  mineralogy, 
especially  Dana's  System  of  Mineralogy,  have  been  consulted  in  the 
preparation  of  the  tables.  For  valuable  suggestions  and  criticisms  the 
author  is  especially  indebted  to  Professor  Charles  Palache  of  Harvard, 
who  used  the  manuscript  copies  of  the  tables  in  the  Summer  School  of 
the  University  of  California. 

BERKELEY,  August  25,  1903. 

iii 


930274 


MINERAL  TABLES. 


PHYSICAL  PROPERTIES. 

THE  only  apparatus  needed  for  the  tables  is  a  pocket-knife,  a  horse- 
shoe magnet,  a  pocket-lens,  a  piece  of  unglazed  porcelain  or  streak-plate, 
and  a  scale  of  hardness  consisting  of  nine  minerals.  This  scale  can  be 
procured  of  any  mineral  dealer  or  can  be  made  up  from  specimens  in 
an  ordinary  collection  of  minerals. 

Color. — The  color  of  a  mineral  is  perhaps  the  most  important  property 
used  in  its  identification,  yet  it  is  the  most  difficult  to  accurately 
describe.  A  mineral  may  have  but  one  characteristic  color,  or  it 
may  occur  in  various  colors  and  shades ;  consequently  a  mineral  may 
be  repeated  several  times  in  the  tables.  The  color  must  always  be 
judged  by  the  fresh  surface  or  fracture,  and  it  should  be  homogeneous 
throughout  the  mineral.  Vitreous  minerals  may  often  be  discolored 
or  stained  by  impurities,  when  they  manifestly  belong  to  the  color- 
less or  white  class. 

Luster. — The  luster  of  a  mineral  refers  to  the  kind  of  reflected  surface. 
The  common  kinds  are:  metallic;  submetallic=  imperfect  metallic; 
vitreous  =  glassy;  adamantine = brilliant  oily  luster;  resinous;  greasy; 
pearly;  silky;  waxy. 


2  MINERAL   TABLES. 

Streak. — The  streak  of  a  mineral  is  the  color  of  its  fine  powder.     It  is 

1  lt  ;  .ftest  obtaiiiteel  by-  rubbing  the  specimen  upon  the  streak-plate  until  a 
.  definite'  color:  i$.  produced. 

'Hardness.— By' Hardness  is  meant  the  resistance  that  a  mineral  offers 
to  abrasion  or  scratching.  The  relative  hardness  of  a  mineral  is 
usually  determined  by  scratching  it  successively  by  minerals  or  sub- 
stances of  known  ...hardness,  two  minerals  of  the  same  hardness 
mutually  scratching  each  other.  The  scale  of  hardness  in  common 
use,  called  the  Moh's  scale,  in  ascending  degree  of  hardness,  is  as 
follows:  1,  Talc;  2,  Gypsum;  3,  Calcite;  4,  Fluorite;  5,  Apatite; 
6,  Feldspar;  7,  Quartz;  8,  Topaz;  9,  Corundum;  10,  Diamond. 

The  thumb-nail  will  scratch  minerals  up  to  2J,  and  the  ordinary 
knife-blade  up  to  5J  in  the  scale;  with  a  little  practice  the  relative 
hardness  of  a  mineral  under  6  can  be  approximately  determined  with 
a  knife-blade.  Above  6  the  scale  of  hardness  is  necessary.  The 
relative  hardness  of  many  of  the  metallic  or  submetallic  minerals 
can  often  be  judged  by  the  ease  or  difficulty  in  obtaining  a  streak 
on  the  streak-plate.  Fine  fibrous  and  fine  granular  minerals  usually 
appear  to  be  much  softer  than  the  individual  fiber  or  grain  would 
be,  if  it  were  coarser.  Also  the  surface  of  some  minerals  is  often 
much  softer  than  the  fresh  interior,  owing  to  alteration. 

Specific  Gravity. — The  gravity  of  a  mineral  is  its  weight  compared  with 
the  weight  of  an  equal  volume  of  water.  It  is  determined  by  first 
weighing  the  mineral  in  air  and  then  weighing  it  suspended  in  water. 

w 
If  w=  weight  in  air,  and  w'  =  weight  in  water,  then  G=  — ^ — ,.     The 

gravity  of  minerals  can  be  determined  with  a  chemical  balance  or 


PHYSICAL  PROPERTIES  3 

with  the  convenient  Jolly  spring-balance.  Whether  the  mineral  is 
light,  medium,  heavy,  or  very  heavy  can  often  be  judged  simply  by 
hefting  it. 

Crystallization. — A  few  mineral  substances  on  assuming  a  solid  condition 
do  not  crystallize  and  are  said  to  be  amorphous,  but  most  mineral 
substances  when  solidifying  have  the  property  of  crystallizing  into 
certain  definite  crystal  forms,  and  any  such  crystalline  substance 
must  belong  to  one  of  six  different  crystal  systems.  These  systems 
are:  1,  Isometric;  2,  Tetragonal;  3,  Hexagonal;  4,  Orthorhombic; 
5,  Monoclinic;  6,  Tridinic. 

Assuming  that  each  system  has  axes  which  are  intersected  by  the 
crystal  planes,  then: 

1.  Isometric  has  three  equal  axes  all  at  right  angles.     The  com- 
mon forms  in  this  system,  are:  Cube,  having  six  square  faces; 
Octahedron,  having  eight  equilateral  triangular  faces;  Rhombic 
dodecahedron,  having  twelve  rhombic  faces ;  Icosatetrahedron  or 
Trapezohedron,    having    twenty-four    trapezohedral     faces; 
Tetrahedron,  having  four  equilateral  triangular  faces;  Pentag- 
onal dodecahedron  or  Pyritohedron,  having  twelve  pentagonal 
faces. 

2.  Tetragonal  has  two  horizontal  axes  equal,  and  one  vertical 
longer  or  shorter  than  these,  all  at  right  angles.     The  common 
forms  are:  Prisms,  faces  intersecting  one  or  both  horizontal 
axes,  and  parallel  to  the  vertical;  Pyramids,  faces  intersect- 
ing  the  vertical  and   one    or  both  horizontal  axes;   Basal 
pinacoids,  faces  intersecting  the  vertical  and  parallel  to  the 
horizontal  axes. 


MINERAL   TABLES. 

3.  Hexagonal  has  three  horizontal  axes  equal  and  making  angles 

of  60°  with  each  other,  and  one  vertical,  longer  or  shorter  than 
these,  and  at  right  angles  to  them.  The  common  forms  are: 
Prisms,  faces  intersecting  two  or  three  of  the  horizontal  axes 
and  parallel  to  the  vertical;  Pyramids,  faces  intersecting  the 
vertical  and  two  or  three  of  the  horizontal;  Basal  pinacoids, 
faces  intersecting  the  vertical  and  parallel  to  the  horizontal; 
Rhombohedrons,  solids  of  six  oblique  rhombic  faces;  Scaleno- 
hedrons,  solids  of  twelve  scalene-triangular  faces. 

4.  Orthorhombic  has  three  unequal  axes  all  at  right  angles :  a  short 
forward-and-back  horizontal  axis,  the  brachyaxis;    a  long 
right-and-left  horizontal  axis,  the  macroaxis;  and  a  vertical 
axis.     The  common  forms  are :  Prisms,  faces  intersecting  the 
horizontal  axes  and  parallel  to  the  vertical;  Pyramids,  face? 
intersecting  the  three  axes;    Macropinacoids,  faces  intersect- 
ing the  brachyaxis  and  parallel  to  the  other  two;    Brachy- 
pinacoids,  faces  intersecting  the  macroaxis  and  parallel  to  the 
other  two;    Macrodomes,  faces   intersecting   the  brachyaxis 
and  the  vertical  and  parallel  to  the  macroaxis;  Brachydomes, 
faces  intersecting  the  macroaxis  and  the  vertical  and  parallel 
to  the  brachyaxis;    Basal  pinacoids,  faces  intersecting  the 
vertical  and  parallel  to  the  horizontal  axes. 

5.  Monodinic  has  three  unequal  axes :  a  forward-and-back  inclined 

axis,  the  clinoaxis;  a  right-and-left  horizontal  axis,  the  ortho- 
axis;  and  a  vertical  axis.  The  common  forms  are:  Prisms, 
faces  intersecting  the  two  lateral  axes  and  parallel  to  the 
vertical;  Pyramids,  faces  intersecting  all  three  axes;  Ortho- 


PHYSICAL  PROPERTIES  5 

pinacoids,  faces  intersecting  the  clinoaxis  and  parallel  to  the 
other  two;  Clinopinacoids,  faces  intersecting  the  orthoaxis 
and  parallel  to  the  other  two;  Orthodomes,  faces  intersecting 
the  clinoaxis  and  the  vertical  and  parallel  to  the  orthoaxis; 
Clinodomes,  faces  intersecting  the  orthoaxis  and  the  vertical 
and  parallel  to  the  clinoaxis ;  Basal  pinacoids,  faces  intersect- 
ing the  vertical  and  parallel  to  the  other  two. 
6.  Triclinic  has  three  unequal  axes,  all  oblique  to  each  other. 
The  common  forms  are  the  same  as  in  the  orthorhombic 
system,  namely,  Prisms;  Pyramids;  Macropinacoids;  Brachy- 
pinacoids;  Macrodomes;  Brachydomes;  Basal  pinacoids. 

i 

Twinning. — Some  crystals  instead  of  being  simple  individuals  are  made 
up  of  two  crystals,  not  in  parallel  position,  but  united  along  a  plane 
common  to  both,  and  such  crystals  are  said  to  be  twinned.  Twinning 
is  usually  indicated  by  reentrant  angles  between  the  faces. 
Cleavage. — The  property  which  a  mineral  has  of  splitting  or  breaking 
along  certain  definite  directions  is  called  cleavage.  The  cleavage  is 
always  parallel  to  a  possible  crystal  plane,  and  the  kind  of  cleavage 
is  designated  by  the  name  of  the  plane  to  which  it  corresponds  in 
direction.  The  common  kinds  of  cleavage  for  each  system  are: 

Isometric,  cubic,  octahedral,  and  dodecahedral. 

Tetragonal,  basal  and  prismatic.  V^ 

Hexagonal,  basal,  prismatic,  and  rftombohedral. 

Orthorhombic,  basal;  prismatic;  macro-  or  brachypinacoidal. 

Monoclinic,  basal;  prismatic;  ortho-  or  clinopinacoidal. 

\ 

Triclinic,  basal  and  macro-  or  brachypinacoidal. 

The  direction  of  cleavage  can  usually  be  determined  only  on  the 


6  MINERAL   TABLES. 

actual  crystal  and  not  on  the  average  massive  mineral  specimen. 
Bright,  smooth  cleavage  faces  are,  however,  usually  present  on 
specimens  of  minerals  which  possess  good  cleavage,  and  often  they 
are  very  prominent. 

fracture. — When  the  direction  of  breakage  is  not  definite,  but  occurs  in 
any  way  irrespective  of  crystal  planes,  the  mineral  fractures.     The 
fracture  may  be  even;  uneven;   rough;   conchoidal  =  rounded,  shell- 
like;  splintery;  these. terms  referring  to  the  kind  of  surface. 
Tenacity. — The  terms  used  to  denote  the  tenacity  are: 

Malleable,  when  the  mineral  can  be  flattened  by  hammering. 
Sectile,  when  it  can  be  cut  with  a  knife  but  will  break  in  pieces 

by  hammering. 

Brittle,  when  it  will  break  in  pieces  by  hammering. 
Tough,  when  it  is  difficult  to  break  by  hammering. 
Structure. — Most  minerals  do  not  occur  as  simple  individual  crystals  in 
nature,  but  rather  as  aggregates  of  imperfectly  formed  crystals,  or 
simply  as  crystalline  masses.     Some  of  the  terms  used  to  describe 
the  structure  of  specimens  are: 

Massive,  when  the  specimen  has  an  irregular,  indefinite  shape. 

It  may  be  fine  or  coarse  granular. 

Crypto- crystalline,   extremely   fine    crystalline;    impalpable  =  ex- 
tremely dense,  compact. 
Fibrous,  composed  of  fibers.    The  fibers  may  be  parallel,  radiate, 

or  divergent  in  any  direction. 
Columnar,  stout  fibrous,  forming  columns. 
Capillary,  hair-like  fibers. 
Acicular,  needle-like. 


PHYSICAL  PROPERTIES.  7 

Reticulated,  when  the  fibers  cross  each  other,  forming  a  net-like 

structure. 

Mammillary,  large  rounded  surfaces. 
Reniform,  kidney-shaped  masses. 

Botryoidal,  grape-like  structure  or  small  rounded  surfaces. 
Geodal,  cavities  lined  with  crystals. 
Drusy,   rough   surfaces   due    to   innumerable   small   imperfect 

crystals. 

Micaceous,  thin  sheets  or  scales,  like  mica. 
Lamdlar,  thin  plates. 
Foliated,  thin  leaves. 

Other  terms  are  used  to  describe  the  structures  of  mineral  speci- 
mens, but  their  meaning  in  general  is  self-evident. 


ANALYTICAL  KEY. 


PAG* 

1.  STREAK  DARK  GRAY  OR  IRON-BLACK: 

Color:  Dark  Gray  or  frlack 10-12 

Metallic  Whfte  to  Light  Metallic  Gray 12-14 

Brass;  Bronze;  Copper-red  or  Brown 14-16 

2.  STREAK  METALLIC  WHITE  TO  LEAD-  OR  STEEL-GRAY: 

Color:  Metallic  White  or  Light  Metallic  Gray 16 

3.  STREAK  RED   OR  RED-BROWN: 

Color:  Red  or  Brown , 18 

Dark  Gray  or  Black 20-22 

4.  STREAK  YELLOW  OR  YELLOW-BROWN: 

Color:  Red 22 

Yellow 22-24 

Brown  or  Black 24-26 

Green. ; 26 

5.  STREAK  BLUE  OR  GREEN: 

Color:  Blue,  Green,  or  Black 26-28 

6.  STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE  OR  LIGHT  GRAY  : 

Color:  Yellow  or  Brown 28-38 

Pink,  Red,  or  Red-violet 38-44 

Blue  or  Blue-violet 44-46 

Green .< 46-54 

Black 54-56 

White,  Gray,  or  Colorless 56-68 

9 


10 


STREAK  DARK  GRAY 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Streak. 

Luster. 

H. 

COLOR  DARK  GRAY  OR  BLACK. 

GRAPHITE 

c 

Dark  steel- 
gray 
Iron-black 

Black 
Dark  sil- 
ver-gray 

Metallic 
Dull 

1.2 

MOLYBDENITE 

MoS, 

Bluish  lead- 
gray 

Lead-gray 
Sometimes 
greenish 

Metallic 

1 
1.6 

2 

PYROLUSITE 

MnO2 

Black 
Blackish 

gray 

Dull  black 

Metallic 
Dull 

STIBNITE 

Sb& 

Dark  lead- 
gray 

Dark  lead- 
gray 
Black 

Metallic 

2 

JAMESONITE 

FbjSbA 

Dark  lead- 
gray 

Grayish 
black 

Metallic 

2 
3 

ARGENTITE 

Ag2S 

Dark  lead- 

Bffi 

Dark  lead- 
gray 

Metallic 

2 
2.5 

2 
2.5 

2.5 
3 

STEPH.JSTITE 

Ag5SbS4 

Iron-black 

Iron-black 

Metallic 

GALENITE 

PbS 

Dark  lead- 
gray 

Grayish 
black 
Dark  lead- 
gray 

Metallic 

CHALCOCITE 

CU2S 

Dark  lead- 
or  steel- 

Biack 

Dark  gray 

Metallic 

2.5 
3 

3 

ENARGITE 

Cu3AsS4 

Grayish 
black 

Grayish 
black 

Metallic 

OR  IRON-BLACK. 


11 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  perfect 
in    crystallized 
masses;  sectile; 
flexible 

2.2 

Foliated  ;  scaly  ;  mas- 
sive; granular;  earthy 

Feels  greasy  ;  plates 
highly  flexible;  inelastic; 
occurs  with  calcite;  darker 
than  molybdenite 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  very  prom- 
inent ;     sectile  ; 
flexible 

4.7 

Foliated  ;  massive  ; 
scaly;  flaky 

Soft  and  greasy  like 
graphite  but  lighter  col- 
ored; usually  as  flakes  in 
quartz 

Orth. 

C,  none 
Brittle 

4.8 

Fibrous;  acicular; 
columnar  ;  earthy  ; 
powder 

Blackens  fingers  ;  often 
with  psilomelane;  darker 
than  stibnite 

Orth. 

C,  brachypinacoid- 
al,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Brittle  ;  slightly  sec- 
tile 

4.5 

Fibrous;  columnar; 
bladed;  prismatic 

Prisms  often  bent  and 
with  long  shining  cleavage 
faces;  sometimes  iridescent 

Orth. 

C,  basal,  prominent 
Brittle 

5.5 
6 

Acicular  ;  fibrous  ; 
capillary 

Resembles  stibnite,  but  is 
heavier  and  has  cleavage 
faces  transverse  to  length 

Isom. 

C,  not  important 
F,  hackly 
Slightly    malleable 

7.3 

Octahedrons;  hack- 
ly masses  ;  arborescent  ; 
reticulated 

Resembles  tarnished  sil- 
ver; of  ten  with  silver,  cop- 
per, barite;  cuts  like  lead 

Orth. 

C,  imperfect 
F,  uneven 
Very  brittle 

6.3 

Compact  ;  massive  ; 
crystals,  short  prisms 

Often  with  other  silver 
ores;  also  barite,  quartz, 
galena 

Isom. 

C,  c  u  b  i  c  ,  perfect 
and  prominent 
Sectile  to  brittle 

7.5 

Cubes;  cubo-octahe- 
drons;  granular;  foli- 
ated 

Often  with  sphalerite, 
pyrite,  tetrahedrite,  cerus- 
site,  anglesite,  dolomite, 
calcite,  fluorite  ;  heavier 
than  stibnite  and  never 
long  prismatic 

Orth. 

C,  indistinct 
F,    conchoidal     or 
granular 
Sectile 

5.7 

Compact  ;  massive  ; 
crystals  with  deeply 
striated  faces 

Often  coated  with  mala- 
chite; occurs  with  bornite, 
chalcopyrite,  quartz,  mala- 
chite, enargite 

Orth. 

C,   prismatic    and 
prominent 
Brittle 

4.4 

Massive 

Often  with  chalcocite, 
bornite,  famatinite 

12 


STREAK  DARK  GRAY 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Streak. 

Luster. 

H. 

3 
4.5 

~4 
5 

5 

6 

COLOR  DARK  GRAY  OR  BLACK. 

TETRAHEDRITE 

TENNANTITE 

Cu8Sb2S7 
Cu8As2S7 

Dark  lead- 
or  steel- 
gray 

Dark  gray 

Metallic 

IRON 

Fe 

Steel-gray 
Black 

Black 

Metallic 

PSILOMELANE 

MnO,H2O 

Grayish 
black 
Dull  black 

Brownish 
black 

Submetallic 

ILMENITE 
(Menaccanite) 

(FeTi)203 

Iron-black 

Brownish 
black 

Metallic 

5.5 
6 

MAGNETITE 

Fe804 

Iron-black 

Iron-black 

Metallic 

5.5 
6.5 

5.5 
6.5 

FRANKLINTCE 

(Fe,Mn,Zn),O4 

Iron-black 

Brownish 
black 

Metallic 

COLUMBITE 

(Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)206 

Pitch- 
black 

Grayish 
black 

Submetallic 
Vitreous 

6 

COLOR  METALLIC  WHITE 
1  TO  LIGHT  GRAY. 

STIBNITE 

Sb2S3 

Light  lead- 
gray 

Dark  lead- 
gray 
Black 

Metallic 

2 

GALENITE 

PbS 

Lead-gray 

Dark  lead- 
gray 
Black 

Metallic 

2.5 
3 

T~ 
3.5 

ANTIMONY 

Sb 

Light  steel- 
gray 
Tin-white 

Lead-gray 

Metallic 

ARSENIC 

As 

Light  steel- 
gray 

Dark  gray 

Metallic 

3.5 

OR  IRON-BLACK. 


13 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Isom 

C,  none 
F,  granular 
Brittle 

4.4 
5.1 

Compact  ;  massive  ; 
tetrahedral  crystals 

Often  in  quartz  with 
galena,  chalcopyrite,  sphal- 
erite ;  some  tunes  with 
very  brilliant  luster 

Isom. 

C,  not  important 
F,  hackly 
Malleable 

7.3 

7.8 

Massive 

Meteorites  often  have 
pitted  and  fused  surfaces 

None 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal    and 
prominent 
Tough  to  brittle 

3.7 

4.7 

Impalpable  ;  massive  ; 
stalactitic  ;  botryoid- 
al;  rounded  masses 

Often  with  limonite,  py- 
rolusite,  manganite 

Hex 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal 
Brittle 

4.5 
5 

Grains  and  pebbles; 
black  sand  ;  platy  ; 
massive  granular. 

Slightly  magnetic  to  non- 
magnetic 

Isom. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

5.2 

Octahedrons  ;  mas- 
sive granular  to  com- 
pact; sand 

Strongly  magnetic  ;  often 
with  quartz,  feldspar, 
hornblende,  chlorite;  crys- 
tals usually  very  perfect 

Isom. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Very  brittle 

5.2 

Octahedrons,  usu- 
ally rounded;  granu- 
lar; massive 

Usually  with  zincite,  wil- 
lemite,  rhodonite,  and  cal- 
cite;  magnetic,  but  not 
strongly  like  magnetite 

Orth 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

5.3 
7,3 

Crystals,  usually  in 
parallel  groups 

Occurs  in  granite,  often 
with  albite,  tourmaline, 
beryl 

Orth. 

C,  brachypinacoidal 
very  prominent 
Brittle;  slightly  sec- 
tile 

4.5 

Prismatic  ;  fibrous  ; 
columnar;  bladed 

Often  in  quartz  with 
galenite,  sphalerite,  tetra- 
hedrite 

Isom. 

C,  cubic,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Sectile  to  brittle 

7.5 

Cubes  ;  cubo-octa- 
hedrons;  granular;  fo- 
liated; massive 

Much  heavier  than  stib- 
nite  and  never  long  pris- 
matic 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  prominent 
Brittle 

6.7 

Massive;  lamellar 

Often  with  stibnite;  usu- 
ally coated  with  earthy 
white  oxide  of  antimony 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  not  usually 
prominent 
F,  granular 
Brittle 

6 

Rounded,  reniform 
masses;  granular 

Usually  tarnished  dull 
black  on  surface 

14 


STREAK  DARK  GRAY 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Streak. 

Luster. 

H. 

5.5 

6 

COLOR  METALLIC  WHITE 
TO  LIGHT  GRAY. 

ARSENOPYRITE 

FeAsS 

Light  steel- 
gray 
Tin-white, 
often  with 
brassy  or 
reddish 
tinge 

Grayish 
black 

Metallic 

SMALTITE 
.CHLOANTHITE 

CoAs2 

NiAs2 

Tin-white 
Light  steel- 
gray 

Grayish 
black 

Metallic 

5.5 

6 

^5 

6 
6.5 

COBALTITE 

CoAsS 

Silver- 
white  with 
usually 
copper- 
red  tinge 

Grayish 
black 

Metallic 

MARCASITE 

FeS2  *    . 

Brassy 
steel-gray 
Pale  brass- 
yellow 

Greenish 
black 
Brownish 
black 

Metallic 

•NMOHS  HO 
CiaH-HrT«Mon  'rrzMOWT  'ffffvyrnr  *rorrr»^ 

BORNITE 

Cu3FeS3 

Copper- 
brown 
Horseflesh- 
brown 

Grayish 
black 

Metallic 

3 

ENARGITE 
FAMATINITE 

Cu3AsS4 
Cu3SbS4 

Reddish 
brown 
Bronze- 
brown 

Grayish 
black 

Metallic 

3 

MlLLERITE 

NiS 

Brass-yel- 
low 

Greenish 
black 

Metallic 

3 
3.5 

3.5 
4 

CHALCOPYRITE 

CuFeS2 

Deep 

brass- 
yellow 

Greenish 
black 

Metallic 

PYRRHOTITE 

Fe7S8  to  FenS12 

Bronze- 
yellow 
Bronze- 
brown 

Grayish 
black 

Metallic 

3.5 
4.5 

OR  IRON-BLACK. 


15 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent    , 
F,  uneven 
Very  brittle 

6 

Compact     massive; 
pointed  pyramids  with 
horizontally    striated 
faces 

Often  with  sphalerite,, 
galena,  quartz;  sometimes 
with  gold;  whiter  than 
pyrite  or  marcasite;  more 
common  than  smaltite 

Isom. 

C,  not  important 
F,  granular 
Brittle 

6.5 

Compact  ;  massive  ; 
reticulated 

Often  with  copper-red' 
niccolite,  erythrite 

Isom. 

C,  cubic,  not  prom- 
inent 
Brittle 

6.3 

Crystals  commonly; 
cubes;  pyritohedrons; 
massive 

•v 

Often  with  smaltite,  nic- 
colite ;  crystals  usually 
tarnished  to  pale  copper- 
red  color 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4.9 

Stalactitic  with 
rough  surfaces;  cox- 
comb ;  radiate  ;  col- 
umnar ;  low  pyra- 
mids; massive 

Never  in  cubes  or  pyrito- 
hedrons, and  different  in 
form  from  pyrite 

Isom. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4.9 
5.4 

Compact;   massive 

Usually  tarnished  to  pea- 
cock colors;  occurs  with 
quartz,  chalcocite,  chalco- 
pyrite 

Orth. 

C,  prismatic      and 
prominent 
Brittle 

4.4 

Massive 

Often  with  chalcocite, 
bornite 

Hex. 

C,  perfect  and  prom- 
inent in  crystals 
Brittle 

5.3 
5.6 

.  Acicular;  capillary; 
hair  tufts;  compact 
fibrous  layers 

Always  needle-like  or 
fibrous;  often  in  cavities  in 
chert  or  red  hematite,  or 
coating  pyrrhotite 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven   to   con- 
choidal 
Brittle 

4.2 

Massive  ;  tetrahe- 
dral  crystals 

Often  with  pyrite,  galena, 
sphalerite,  tetrahedrite, 
cnalcocite,  dolomite,  etc.  ; 
often  tarnished  peacock 
colors 

Hex. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4.6 

Massive  ;  granular  ; 
occasional  crystals 

Usually  slightly  mag- 
netic; surface  often  tar- 
nished dark  bronze-brown 

16 


STREAK  DARK  GRAY 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Streak. 

Luster. 

H. 

5 
5.5 

1 

g° 

jxjQ 

X  oti 
to  ~ 

pj  M 

OQ  Ob 

NlCCOLITE 

NiAs 

Pale  cop- 
per-red 

Brownish 
black 

Metallic 

PYRITE 

FeS2 

Pale  brass- 
yellow 

Greenish 
black 
Brownish 
black 

Metallic 

6 
6.5 

MARCASITE 

FeS2 

Pale  brass- 
yellow 

Greenish 
black     , 
Brownish 
black 

Metallic 

6 
6.5 

STREAK  METALLIC  WHITE 


COLOR  METALLIC  WHITE  OR  LIGHT  METALLIC  GRAY. 

MERCURY 

Hg 

Tin-  white 

Metallic 

MOLYBDENITE 

MoS2 

Bluish 

lead-gray 

Lead-gray 
with  often 
greenish 
tinge 

Metallic 

1 
1.5 

SYLVANITE 
CALAVERITE 

(AuAg)Tea 

Silver-    or 
tin-white  ; 
often  with 
brassy 
tinge 

Silver- 
white 

Metallic 

1.5 
2 

2~ 
2.5 

BISMUTH 

Bi 

Reddish 
white  to 
light  cop- 
per-red 

Silver- 
white 
Lead-gray 

Metallic 

SILVER 

Ag 

Silver- 
white 

Silver- 
white 

Metallic 

2.5 

ANTIMONY 

Sb 

Tin-white 
Silver- 
white 

Silver- 
white 

Metallic 

3 
3.5 

ARSENIC 

As 

Tin-white 
Light 
lead-    o  r 
steel-gray 

Tin-  white 

Metallic 

3.5 

PLATINUM 
PLATINIRIDIUM 

Pt 
Ptlr 

Tin-white 
Light  steel- 
gray 

Light  steel- 
gray 

Metallic 

4 
4.5 

OR  IRON-BLACK. 


17 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

7.5 

Compact;  impalpa- 
ble massive 

Usually  with  smaltite 

Isom. 

C,  indistinct 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

5 

Cubes;  pyritohe- 
drons  ;  octahedrons  ; 
massive;  granular 

Very  common;  associ- 
ated with  all  sulphides 
and  in  all  rocks 

Orth. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4.9 

Coxcomb  and 
curved  dome  shapes; 
stalactitic  with 
rough  faces 

Distinguished  from  py- 
rite  by  form  generally 

TO  LIGHT  LEAD-  OR  STEEL-GRAY. 


13.6 

Liquid  globules 

Occurs  as  small  globules 
on  cinnabar 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Sectile 

4.7 

Foliated  masses; 
scales;  flakes 

Soft  and  greasy,  like 
graphite;  highly  flexible; 
often  with  quartz 

Mono. 

C,    clinopinacoidal, 
perfect,  promi- 
nent 
F,  coarse  granular 
Brittle 

9.9 
8.3 

Massive;  crystals 
with  deeply  striated 
faces 

Often  in  gray  phonolite 
rock  with  purple  fluorite; 
also  in  schist 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Brittle 

9.7 

Reticulated;  em- 
bedded lenticular 
crystals;  massive 

Often  as  lenticular  crys- 
tals or  grains  in  quartz 

Isom. 

C,  none 
F,  hackly 
Malleable 

10.1 
11.1 

Wires;  arborescent; 
massive;  filiform 

Usually  tarnished  on  sur- 
face to  brown  or  black; 
often  with  barite,  calcite, 
other  silver  ores 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  prominent 
Brittle 

6.7 

Massive;  lamellar 

Often  with  stibnite;  usu- 
ally coated  with  whitish 
oxide  of  antimony 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  not  usually 
prominent 
F,  granular 
Brittle 

5.6 

Rounded  remform 
masses;  granular 

Usually  tarnished  dull 
black  on  surface 

Isom. 

C,  none 
F,  hackly 
Malleable 

14 
19 

Nuggets;  grains 

In  gold-bearing  sands 

•18 


STREAK  RED 


COLOR  RED  OR  BROWN.  | 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Streak. 

Luster. 

H. 

1 
2 

BAUXITE 

A12O3+2H2O 

Brown 

Reddish 
brown 

Earthy 
Dull 

HEMATITE 

Fe203 

Brownish 
red 
Cherry-red 

Dark  red 
Cherry-red 

Earthy 
Dull 

1 
4 

1 
2.5 

ERYTHRITE 

Co3As208+8H20 

Peach-red 
Crimson 

Pale  red 

Earthy 
Vitreous 

WAD 

MnO,H2O 

Dark 
brown 

Dark  red- 
dish 
brown 

Earthy 
Dull 

1 
3 

CINNABAR 

HgS 

Scarlet  red 
Vermillion 
Dark  red 

Scarlet 
Vermillion 

Adaman- 
tine 

2 
2.5 

PROUSTITE 

Ag3AsSa 

Scarlet 
Vermillion 

Scarlet 

Adaman- 
tine 

2 
2.5 

COPPER 

Ou 

Copper-red 

Copper-red 

Metallic 

2.5 
3 

3.5 
4 

SPHALERITE 

ZnS 

Dark 
brown 

Reddish 
brown 

Resinous 
Vitreous 

CUPRITE 

Cu2O 

Dark  red 

Cochineal- 
red 
Brick-red 
Crimson- 
red 

Adaman- 
tine 
Earthy 

3.5 
4 

ILS 

HEMATITE 

Fe203 

Dark 
brownish 
red 

Brownish 
red 

Submetallic 

TURGITE 

2Fe203H20 

Brown 

Reddish 
brown 

Submetallic 

5 

6 

OR  RED-BROWN. 


19 


System 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

C,  none 
F,  earthy 

2.5 

Cla}dike  masses  with 
small  rounded  concre- 
tions; pisolitic 

Clay  odor;   distinguished 
from     clay    by    pisolitic 
structure 

C,  none 
F,  earthy 

5 

Earthy  masses; 
oolitic;  powder 

Red  ochre  ;  often  red  clay 

Mono. 

C,  not  important 
F,  usually  earthy 

2.9 

Earthy;  crusts; 
rarely  in  crystals 

Occurs  with  cobalt  and 
nickel     ores     as     coatings 
and  crusts 

Amorph. 

C,  none 
F,  earthv 
Brittle 

4 

Earthy  masses; 
powder  concretions 

Often  with  psilomelane, 
limonite,  malachite,  azurite 

Hex. 

C,  prismatic,     not 
important 
F,  uneven 
Sectile 

8 
8.2 

Granular;  crystals; 
powder;  massive; 
compact 

Occurs    with    marcasite,/J 
chalcedony,     quartz,     sul- 
phur;   very  heavy;    often 
mixed  with  siliceous  rock 
and  apparently  hard 

Hex. 

4 

C,  rhombohed  r  a  1  , 
not  prominent 
Brittle 

5.6 

Crystals;  red  bands 
or  streaks  in  rock 

Light    ruby    silver    ore; 
often  with  gray  pyrargy- 
rite 

Isom. 

C,  none 
F,  hackly 
Malleable 

8.8 

Hackly  masses; 
sheets  ;  wires,  arbores- 
cent forms 

Usually   tarnished   black 
on  surface  ;  often  with  cal- 
cite,  cuprite,  malachite 

Isom. 

C,  dodecah  e  d  r  a  1, 
perfect  and 
prominent 
Brittle 

4 

Massive;  crystals 

Often   with   galena,    py- 
rite,  arsenopyrite,  etc. 

Isom. 

C,  poor 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

5.9 

Massive;    compact; 
crystals;  octahedrons; 
cubes 

Usually  with  malachite, 
copper 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven;     splin- 
tery 
Brittle 

5 

Massive  ;  reniform, 
mamillary;  botryoid- 
al;  splintery;  oolitic 

Massive  red  hematite 

C,  none 
F,  splintery 
Brittle 

4.2 

4.4 

Compact  ;  fibrous  ; 
massive  ;  botryoidal  ; 
earthy 

Resembles  limonite;  dis- 
tinguished    by    streak; 
fibers  often  with  satin-like 
luster 

20 


STREAK  RED 


COLOR  DARK  GRAY  OR  BLACK. 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Streak. 

Luster. 

H. 

PYRARGYRITE 

Ag3SbS3 

Dark  steel- 
gray 

Purple  -red 
Cherry-red 

Metallic 

2.5 

TETRAHEDRITE 

CUgSb^S, 

Dark  lead 
or  steel 
gray 

Cherry-red 
Dark  red 
brown 

Metallic 

3 
4.5 

HEMATITE 

Fe203 

Dark  steel- 
gray 
Iron-black 

Brownish 
red 

Metallic 
Brilliant 

2.5 
4 

3.5 
4 

SPHALERITE 

ZnS 

Brownish 
black 

Dark 
brown 

Resinous 
Submetallic 

MANGANITE 

Mn2O3-{-  H2O 

Iron  -black 
Dark  steel- 
gray 
\ 

Dark  red- 
dish 
brown 

Metallic 

4 

WOLFEAMITE 

(Fe,Mn)W04 

Dark  gray- 
ish or 
brownish 
black 

Dark  red- 
dish 
brown 

Submetallic 
Metallic 

5 
5.5 

5.5 

CHROMITE 

FeCrA 

Black 
Brownish 
black 

Grayish 
brown 

Submetallic 
to 
pitch-like 

PSILOMELANE 

MnO,H2O 

Dull  black 

Very  dark 
brown 

Submetallic 
Dull 

5 

6 

HEMATITE 

Fe203 

Iron  -black 
Dark  steel- 
gray 

Cherry-red 
Brownish 
red 
Red-brown 

Metallic 

5.5 

6.5 

ILMENITE 

(Fe,Ti)203 

Iron-black 

Very  dark 
brown 

Metallic 

5.5 
6 

FRANKLINITE 

(Fe,Mn,Zn)aO< 

Iron-black 

Dark  red- 
dish 
brown 
Blackish 
brown 

Metallic 

5.5 
6.5 

OR  RED-BROWN. 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Hex. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

5.8 

Massive  ;  granular  ; 
bands  and  streaks  in 
rock 

Usually  as  gray  bands 
mixed  with  red,  in  quartz 
rock;  dark  ruby  silver 
ore 

Isom. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4.4 
5.1 

Massive  ;  tetrahe- 
dral  crystals 

Often  has  brilliant  luster 
with  brassy  tinge;  in 
quartz  with  sulphides 

Hex. 

C,  micaceous 
Brittle 

4.9 
5.3 

Foliated;  platy; 
micaceous 

Specular  hematite;  very 
bright  sparkling  plates  or 
scales 

Isom. 

C,  dodecahed  r  a  1  , 
prominent 
Brittle 

4 

Massive 

Often  with  galenite,  py- 
rite,  chalcopyrite,  tetra- 
hedrite 

Orth. 

C,  brachypinacoid- 
al,  prominent 
Brittle 

4.4 

Prisms;  columnar; 
acicular 

Prisms  often  in  bunches 
with  prism  faces  deeply 
striated  vertically;  occurs 
with  pyrolusite 

Mono. 

C,    clinopinacoidal, 
perfect   and 
prominent 
Brittle 

7.5 

Thick  tabular  crys- 
tals ;  massive  ;  com- 
pact 

Often  with  cassiterite, 
quartz,  fluorite 

Isom. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4.3 
4.6 

Massive;    granular 

Sometimes  coated  with 
green,  garnet;  often  with 
serpentine 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal 
Tough  to  brittle 

3.7 
4.7 

Impalpable  ;  mas- 
sive; stalactitic;  bo- 
tryoidal,  round 

masses 

Often  with  powdery 
pyrolusite 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4.9 
5.3 

Massive  ;  granul  ar  ; 
foliated;  crystals; 
scales;  micaceous 

Crystals  often  have  an 
iridescent  tarnish  ;  fine 
scaly  specular  variety 
seems  soft 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal 
Brittle 

4.5 
5 

Rounded  pebbles; 
sand;  plates;  mas- 
sive 

Some  tunes  slightly  mag- 
netic 

Isom. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Very  brittle 

5.2 

Rounded  crystals  ; 
Octahedrons;  granu- 
lar masses 

Usually  with  zincite, 
willemite,  calcite  ;  mag- 
netic but  not  so  strongly 
as  magnetite 

22 


STREAK  RED 


BLACK.  [ 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Streak. 

Luster. 

H. 

COLUMBITE 

(Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 

Pitch- 
black 

Dark 
brown 

Submetallic 
Vitreous 

6 

CASSITERITE 

SnO2 

Black 

Dark 
brown 

Submetallic 
to 
Metallic 

6 
7 

STREAK  YELLOW 


REALGAR 

AsS 

Bright  red 

Orange 

Adaman- 

1.5 

Orange- 

yellow 

tine 

2 

H 

red 

Resinous 

« 

Vitreous 

8 

ZINCITE 

ZnO 

Dark  red 

Orange- 

Vitreous 

4 

Blood-red 

yellow 

4.5 

8 

ORPIMENT 

AsjjS, 

Lemon- 

Lemon- 

Adaman- 

1.5 

yellow 

yellow 

tine 

2 

Resinous 

Pearly 

REALGAR 

AsS 

Orange- 

Orange- 

Resinous 

1.5 

. 

yellow 

yellow 

Vitreous 

2 

•j 

SULPHUR 

S 

Sulphur- 
yellow 
Honey- 

Pale  yel- 
low 

Resinous 
Greasy 
Vitreous 

1.5 
25 

!* 

yellow 

Straw- 

§ 

yellow 

H 

0 

LIMONITE 

2Fe2O3.3HaO 

Yellow 

Yellow 
Brown 

Earthy 
Dull 

2 
4 

GOLD 

Au 

Golden 

Golden 

Metallic 

2.5 

yellow 

yellow 

3 

SPHALERITE 

ZnS 

Brownish 
yellow 

Pale  yel- 
low 

Resinous 

3.5 
4 

OR  RED-BROWN. 


23 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Orth. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

5.3 
7.3 

Crystals,  usually  'in 
parallel  groups 

Occurs  in  granite,  often 
with  albite,  tourmaline, 
beryl 

Tetrag. 

C,  imperfect 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

6.8 
7.1 

Massive 

Often  in  quartz  -  mica 
rock  with  wolframite, 
fluorite 

OR  YELLOW-BROWN. 


Mono. 

C,   clinopinacoidal, 
not  prominent 
F,  conchoidal 
Sectile 

3.5 

Massive;  granular; 
crystals 

Often  with  orpiment; 
disseminated  in  siliceous 
rock  and  often  apparently 
hard 

Hex. 

C,    basal,     perfect 
and  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

5.4 
5.7 

Massive;  lamellar; 
granular 

Occurs  with  franklinite, 
willemite,  calcite 

Orth. 

C,  brachypinacoid- 
al,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Sectile;  flexible 

3.5 

I 

Foliated;    plates 
massive 
\ 

Usually  with  realgar 

Mono. 

C,    clinopinacoidal, 
not  prominent 
F,  conchoidal 
Brittle;  sectile 

3.5 

Crystals  ;  massive  ; 
granular 

Often  with  orpiment  or 
finely  mixed  quartz 

Orth. 

C,  indistinct 
F,  conchoidal 
Brittle 

2 

Crystals;  pyramids; 
crusts 

Often  with  celestite,  ara- 
gonite,  limestone,  cinna- 
bar, gypsum 

C,  none 
F,  earthy 

3.6 

Earthy  masses! 
ochre  powder 

Yellow  ochre;  of  ten  yel- 
low clay 

Isom. 

C,  none 
F,  hackly 
Highly  malleable 

15.6 
19.3 

Scales;  flakes; 
leaves;;  grains;  wires; 
nuggets 

Usually  in  quartz,  con- 
glomerates, or  schists; 
sometimes  with  pyrite  or 
arsenopyrite 

Isom. 

C,  dodecah  e  d  r  a  1  ; 
•  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4 

Massive;  cleavage 
masses;  crystals 

Usually  with  galena,  py- 
rite, chalcopyrite,  tetrar 
hedrite,  quartz,  cakate, 
dolomite 

24 


STREAK  YELLOW 


YEL'OWJ 

Name. 

Composition. 

-Color. 

Streak. 

Luster. 

H. 

PYROMORPHITE 

(PbCl)Pb4P3012 

Greenish 
yellow 
Wax-yel- 
low 

Greenish 
yellow 

Adaman- 
tine 

3.5 
4 

|  COLOR  BROWN  OR  BLACK. 

BAUXITE 

A1203.2H20 

Brown 

Brownish 
yellow 

Earthy 
Dull 

1 
3 

LIMONITE 

2Fe2O3.3H,O 

Brown 

Brownish 
yellow 
Yellowish 
brown 

Earthy 
Dull 

2 
4 

SPHALERITE 

ZnS 

Brown 
Brownish 
black 

Brownish 
yellow 

Resinous 

3.5 
4 

SIDERITE 

FeCO. 

Pale 
brown 
Grayish 
brown 
Dark 
brown 

Pale  yel- 
low 
Yellowish 
brown 

Vitreous 

3.5 
4 

GOETHITE 

Fe^HaO 

Yellowish 
brown 

Yellowish 
brown 
Brownish 
yellow 

Submetallic 

5 
5.5 

LIMONITE 

2Fe2O3.3H3O 

Yellowish 
brown 
Dark 
brown 

Brownish 
yellow 
Yellow- 
brown 

Submetallic 

5 
5.5 

CHROMITE 

FeO2O4 

Black 

Grayish 
brown 

Submetallic 
Pitchlike 

5.5 

BROOKITE 

TiO2 

Dark 
brownish 
black 

Pale  yel- 
low 
Grayish 
brown 

Submetallic 
Metallic 

5.5 
6 

RUTILE 

TiO2 

Reddish 
brown 
Black 

Pale  yel- 
lowish 
brown 

Adaman- 
tine 
Metallic 

6 
6.5 

OR  YELLOW-BROWN. 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Hex. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

6.5 

7.1 

Small  hexagonal 
prisms;  massive 

Often  with  galena,  cerus- 
site,  anglesite,  mimetite 

C,  none 
F,  earthy 

2.5 

Clay-like  masses; 
pisolitic 

Clay  odor;   distinguished 
from   kaolin  ite    (clay)    by 
pisolitic  structure 

C,  none 
F,  earthy 

3.6 

Massive;  earthy 

Brown   ochre   or  browa 
clay  (kaolinite) 

Isom. 

C,  do  decahedral, 
prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4 

Massive  ;      cleavage 
masses;  crystals 

Common  color;     occurs 

with  galena  in  chert;  also 
with  many  sulphides 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohedral, 
perfect  and 
prominent 
Brittle 

3.8 

Rhomb  ohedrons; 
cleavage  masses' 
crystals  with  curved 
faces 

Often  with  cryolite, 
quartz,  hematite,  fluorite 

Orth, 

C,  brachypinacoid- 
al,  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4 
4.4 

Acicular  ;  stalactitic  ; 
radiate;  fibrous 

Often  in  cavities  hi  limon- 
ite  or  hematite;  distin- 
guished from  limonite  by 
crystals  and  cleavage 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

3.6 
4 

Compact  ;    massive  ; 
stalactitic  ;    botryoid- 
al;  columnar 

Often  hi  cubes  as  an 
alteration  from  pyrite  ; 
very  common  iron  oxide; 
botryoidal  masses  often 
have  black  varnish-like 
surfaces 

Isom. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4.3 
4.5 

Massive 

Often  coated  with  green 
garnets;  often  with  ser- 
pentine 

Orth. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

3.8 
4 

Square      pyramids  ; 
hexagonal  shaped 
pyramids 

Always  hi  crystals;  faces 
deeply  striated;  not 
twinned  like  rutile 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4.2 

Twinned    crystals  ; 
long  acicular  crystals 

Faces  deeply  striated  ; 
knee-shaped  twins.;  often 
in  quartz 

26 


STREAK  YELLOW 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Streak. 

Luster. 

H. 

BR.  OR  BL. 

CASSITERITE 

SnO2 

Black 
Reddish 
brown 
Yellowish 
brown 
Pale  yellow 

Pale  yel- 
low 
Pale  gray- 
ish brown 

Submetallic 

6 

7 

1  COLOR  GREEN. 

PYROMORPHITE 

(Pb,Cl)Pb4(P04)3 

Yellowish 
green 
Grass- 
green 

Pale  green- 
ish yellow 

Adaman- 
tine 
Vitreous 

3.5 
4 

EPIDOTE 

HCa2(Al,Fe)2Si3013 

Yellowish 
green 
Deep 
green 
Oil-green 

Pale  yel- 
low 

Vitreous 

?' 

STREAK  BLUE 


COLOR  BLUE,  GREEN,  OR  BLACK. 

ANNABERGITE 

Ni3As2O8+8H2O 

Apple- 
green 

Pale  green 

Vitreous 
Earthy 

1 

VIVIANITE 

Fe3P208+8H20 

Dark  blue- 
green 
Indigo- 
blue 

Indigo- 
blue 

Vitreous 
Earthy 

1.5 
2 

CHLORITE 

PROCHLORITE 
CLINOCHLORE 

Mg3FeAl2Si2O11 
+  4H20 

Dark 
green 

Grayish 
green 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

1.5 
2.5 

LlNARITE 

CuPbSO5.H2O 

Deep 
azure- 
blue 

Smalt-blue 
Pale  blue 

Adaman- 
tine 
Vitreous 

2.5 

2 
4 

35 
4 

CHRYSOCOLLA 

CuSiO3+2H2O 

Bluish 
green 
Greenish 
blue 

Pale  green 
Pale  blue 

Vitreous 
Greasy 
Earthy 

AZURITE 

2CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 

Azure-blue 

Smalt-blue 

Vitreous 
Velvety 

MALACHITE 

CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 

Bright 
green 
Emerald- 
green 
Dark 
green 

Emerald- 
green 

Vitreous 
Silky 
Velvety 
Dull    ' 

3.5 
4 

OR  YELLOW-BROWN. 


27 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

6.8 
7.1 

Pebbles  with  con- 
centric structure; 
crystals;  massive 

Stream  tin;  wood  tin 

Hex. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

6.5 
7.1 

Small  hexagonal 
prisms;  drusy  crusts; 
massive 

Very  heavy;  usually  with 
ores  of  lead 

Mono. 

C,  basal,    perfect 
and    usually 
prominent 

3.2 
3.5 

Prismatic;  colum- 
nar ;  reticulated 

masses 

Often    in    quartz    and 
schists;  also  with  calcite 

OR  GREEN. 


Mono. 

C,  none 
F,  earthy 

Fine  capillary  coat- 
ings 

Occurs  with  erythrite  as 
coatings  and  crusts  on 
cobalt  and  nickel  ores 

Mono. 

C,  c  1  inopinacoidal, 
perf  e  ct      in 
crystals 
Brittle 

2.6 

Slender  prismatic  ; 
acicular;  earthy 

Often  as  crystals  in  pyr- 
rhotite;  as  earthy  round 
masses  in  clay 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  perfect 
and  prominent 
Tough  to  brittle 

2.8 

Micaceous  scaly 
flakes;  compact 
scaly  masses 

Highly  flexible  but  not 
elastic,  like  mica  ;  often  al- 
tered from  biotite 

Mono. 

C,  orthopinacoidal, 
usually  promi- 
nent 
Brittle 

5.4 

Columnar  ;  fibrous  ; 
long  prisms  some- 
times radiate 

Usually  with  galenite; 
heavier  than  azurite,  and 
shows  cleavage  faces 

Amorph. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

2 
2.3 

Massive;  stains; 
earthy 

Usually  with  copper  ores; 
darker  and  glassier  bluish 
green  than  malachite,  and 
never  fibrous 

Mono. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

3.8 

Crystals;  fibrous; 
acicular 

Usually  with  malachite 
and  often  with  limonite, 
wad 

Mono. 

1 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven;  splin- 
tery 
Brittle 

4 

Fibrous  ;  banded  ; 
stalactitic;  botryoid- 
al;  powder 

Often  with  cuprite,  cop- 
per, chalcocite,  chalcopy- 
rite;  often  as  green  stains 
in  ore  rocks 

28 


STREAK  BLUE 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Streak. 

Luster. 

H. 

COLOR  BLUE,  GREEN,  OR  BLACK. 

ALABANDITE 

MnS 

Black 

Dark  gray- 
ish green 

Submetallic 

3.5 
4 

LAZURITE       % 
LAPIS  LAZULI 

NaAlSiO4 

Azure-blue 
Ultrama- 
rine blue 

Pale  blue 

Vitreous 
Greasy 

5 
5.5 

5 

6 

AUGITE 

MgCa2FeSi4Ol2 

Greenish 
black 
Blackish 
green 

Pale 
grayish 
green 

Vitreous 

HORNBLENDE 

Mg3Ca2FeSie018 

Greenish 
black 
Blackish 
green 

Pale 
grayish 
green 

Vitreous 
Silky 

5 

6 

GLAUCOPHANE 

Silicate  of  Na,Al, 
Mg,  Fe 

Lavender- 
blue 
Blackish 
blue 

Grayish 
blue 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

6 
6.5 

STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


COLOR  YELLOW  OR  BROWN. 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

CERARGYRITE 

AgCl 

Dark  gray 
Dark  brown 

Waxy 

Adaman- 
tine 

1 
1.5 

BAUXITE 

A12O3+3H2O 

Yellow  to  brown 

Earthy 
Dull 

1.5 
3 

KAOLINITE 

(Clay) 

H,AW)9 

Yellow  to  brown 

Earthy 
Dull 

1.5 
2.5 

GYPSUM 

CaSO4+2H2O 

Yellow  to  brown 

Vi  treous 
Silky 
Dull 

1.5 
2 

SULPHUR 

S 

Sul  phur-y  ello  w 
Honey-yellow 

Vitreous 
Greasy 

1.5 
2 

OR  GREEN. 


29 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Isom. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4 

Massive 

Often  with  rhodochro- 
site,  pyrite,  argentite,  ga- 
lena; surface  usually  tar- 
nished brown 

Isom. 

C,  not  important 
Brittle 

2.4 

Massive  ;       dissemi- 
nated in  rock 

Often    with    calcite    and 
pyrite 

Mono. 

C,    prismatic,     not 
usually    promi- 
nent 
Cleavage  angle  87° 
Brittle 

3.2 
3.6 

Almost       square 
prisms  ;   massive 

Distinguished  from  horn- 
blende by  cleavage  angle; 
also  more  often  hi  crystals 

Mono. 

C,    prismatic      and 
very  prominent 
Cleavage  angle  124° 
Brittle 

2.9 
3.4 

Massive  ;  crystals 
rare 

Usually  with  bright  cleav- 
age faces  having  a  fibrous 
appearance 

Mono. 

C,    prismatic,    per- 
fect 
Brittle 

3.1 

Fibrous  ;   columnar  ; 
reticulated 

Usually  forms  schists; 
a  blue  hornblende 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Isom. 

C,  none 
Very  sectile 

5.5 

Thin  crusts;  coat- 
ings; massive 

Cuts  like  wax  ;  often  with 
silver  ores 

C,  none 
F,  earthy 

2.5 

Compact  earthy; 
pisolitic 

Clay  odor;  distinguished 
from  kaolinite  (clay)  by 
pea-shaped  structure 

Mono. 

C,  none 
F,  earthy 

2.6 

Compact  earthy; 
soapy;  friable 

Clay  odor;  massive  clay; 
occasionally  soapy  feel 

Mono. 

C,  pinacoidal,  per- 
fect and  promi- 
nent 
Brittle 

2.3 

Fibrous  ;  columnar  ; 
granular;  compact 
massive 

Ferruginous  gypsum 

Orth. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

2 

Crystals;  pyramids; 
crusts. 

Often  with  limestone, 
celestite,  aragonite,  cuma- 
bar 

STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


COLOR  YELLOW  OR  BROWN. 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

CHLORITE 

PROCHLORITE 
CLINOCHLORE 
PENNINITE,  etc. 

H8(Mg,Fe)sAl2Si3018 

Dark  yellowish 
brown 
Greenish  brown 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

1.5 
2.5 

BIOTITE 

(HK)2(Mg,Fe)2(Al,Fe)2- 
(SiO4)3 

Dark  brown 
Greenish  brown 

Pearly  to 
Vitreous 

2.5 
3 

PHLOGOPITE 

H2KMg3Al(Si04)3 

Light  brown 
Cinnamon-brown 

Pearly 
Vitreous 

2.5 
3 

HALITE 

NaCl 

Light  yellow  or 
brown 

Vitreous 

2.5 

CRYOLITE 

Na3AlFe 

Grayish  brown 

Vitreous 
Icy 

2.5 
3 

CALCITE 

CaCO3 

Honey-yellow 
Light  to  dark 
brown 

Vitreous 

3 

BARITE 

BaS04 

Lemon-yellow 
Yellowish  brown 

Vitreous 

2.5 
3.5 

SERPENTINE 

(H3(MgOH)Mg2(Si04)2 

Greenish  brown 
Yellowish  brown 

Greasy 
Vitreous 

2.5 
4 

CERUSSITE 

PbCO3 

Grayish  brown 
Yellowish  brown 

Adaman- 
tine 
Earthy 

3 
3.5 

WULFENITE 

PbMoO4 

Lemon-yellow 
Orange-yellow 

Greasy 
Adaman- 
tine 

3 

MlMETITE 

(PbCl)Pb4(AsO4)3 

Brownish  yellow 
Yellow-brown 

Adaman- 
tine 
Greasy 

3.5 

PYROMORPHITE 

(PbCl)Pb4(P04)3 

Greenish  yellow 
Yellowish  brown 

Greasy 
Adaman- 
tine 

3.5 
4 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


31 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Tough 

2.9 

Micaceous;  scales; 
flakes  ;  compact 
scaly  masses 

Highly  flexible  but  not 
elastic,  like  the  micas; 
often  an  altered  biotite 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
very  prominent 
Tough 

2.7 
3.1 

Mica  plates;  scales; 
flakes 

Dark  color  even  in  thin- 
nest plates  ;  flexible  and 
elastic;  black  mica 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Tough 

2.8 

Micaceous;  scales; 
flakes;  sheets 

Lighter  brown  than  bio- 
tite ;  almost  colorless  in 
thin  sections;  brown  mica 

Isom. 

C,  cubic,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Brittle 

2.1 
2.6 

Cubes;  massive; 
granular 

Tastes  salt 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  prominent, 
and   pinacoidal 
not  so  good 

3 

Massive 

Three  cleavages  almost 
at  right  angles,  making 
cubes;  usually  with  sider- 
ite 

Hex. 

C,   r  h  o  mbohedral, 
very  prominent 
Brittle 

2.7 

Rhomboh  e  d  r  o  n  s  ; 
scalenohedrons;  gran- 
ular; massive 

Rhombohedral  cleavage 
very  characteristic  ;  very 
common  mineral 

Orth. 

C,  basal   and    pris- 
matic,    perfect 
and  prominent 

4.3 
4.6 

Massive;  platy  crys- 
tals 

Heavy,  vitreous  mineral; 
often  with  galena 

Mono. 

C,  not  important 
Brittle 

2.6 

Massive;  compact- 

Very  smooth  feel,  almost 
greasy 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  conchoidal 
Very  brittle 

6.5 

Massive;  crusts 

Usually  with  galenite  or 
anglesite;  very  heavy 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

6.7 

7 

Square  plates;  thin 
plates  and  tables 

Often  with  vanadinite  or 
galenite 

Hex. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

7 
7.2 

Rounded  aggregates 
of  plates;  small  crys- 
tals 

Often  with  pyromor- 
phite,  galena 

Hex. 

C,  none 
Brittle 

6.5 
7.1 

Short  hexagonal 
prisms;  columnar 
masses 

Often  with  galena,  cerus- 
site,  anglesite  ;  crystal 
faces  deeply  striated  ver- 
tically 

32 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

|  COLOR  YELLOW  OR  BROWN. 

ARAGONITE 

CaCO3 

Honey-yellow 
Yellow-brown 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

3.5 
4 

STILBITE 

(Na2Ca)Al2SicO10.6H2O 

Yellowish  brown 
Light  brown 

Vitreous 
Silky 

3.5 
4 

DOLOMITE 

(CaMg)C03 

Yellowish  brown 
Grayish  brown 

Vitreous 

3.5 
4 

SIDERITE 

FeCO3 

Grayish  brown 
Dark  brown 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

3.5 
4 

SPHALERITE 

ZnS 

Honey-yellow 
Yellowish  brown 
Reddish  brown 

Resinous 

3.5 
4 

MAGNESITE 

MgC03 

Grayish  brown 

Vitreous 
Dull 

3,5 
4.5 

FLUORITE 

CaF2 

Lemon-yellow 
Pale  yellow 
Yellowish  brown 

Vitreous 

Glassy 

4 

SCHEELITE 

CaWO4 

Yellowish  brown 
Grayish  brown 

Greasy 
Adaman- 
tine 

4.5 
5 

CALAMINE 

H2Zn2SiO5 

Pale  brown 

Vitreous 

4.5 
5 

SMITHSONITE 

ZnCO3 

Yellowish  brown 

Vitreous 

5 

APATITE 

(CaF)Ca4(P04)a 

Brown 
Greenish  brown 

Vitreous 

Greasy 

5 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


33 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

2.9 

Stalactitic;  banded; 
massive 

Differs  from  calcite  in 
not  having  prominent 
cleavage 

Mono. 

C,  clinopinacoidal 
Brittle 

2 
2.2 

Columnar;  sheaf- 
like;  fibrous 

Often  in  cavities  in  lava 
rocks,  with  chabazite,  heu- 
landite,  analcite 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohe  d  ra  1  , 
not  prominent 

2.9 

Massive 

Harder  than  calcite 

Hex. 

C,  rhomboh  e  d  r  a  1  , 
perfect  and  very 
prominent 

3.8 

Rhomb  ohedrons 
with  curved  faces; 
s  a  d  d  1  e-shaped  crys- 
tals; massive 

Often  in  cryolite;  more 
glassy  than  sphalerite 

• 

Isom. 

C,  dodecahedral, 
very  prominent 

3.9 
4.1 

Massive 

Resinous  cleavage  faces 
characteristic  ;  often  with 
galena,  tetrahedrite,  etc^ 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohe  dral, 
prominent      i  n 
crystals 
F,  conchoidal 

3.1 

Massive  ;  rhombohe- 
drons 

Crystals  usually  in  talc; 
compact  impalpable  mass- 
es more  common 

Isom. 

C,  octahedral,   per- 
fect and  promi- 
nent 
Very  brittle 

3.1 

Cubes;     granular, 

massive 

Often  withpyrite,  galena, 
and  sulphides 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

5.9 
6.1 

Crystals;  pyramids; 
massive 

Often  with  wolframite, 
cassiterite;  very  heavy 

Orth. 

C,  prismatic,  prom- 
inent 

3.5 

Drusy  coatings; 
small  crystals 

Often  with  smithsonite 
on  yellow  earthy  masses 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohe  dral, 
not  prominent 

4.3 

4.5 

Small  rhombohe- 
dral  crystals;  drusy 
crystals  ;  bone-1  ike 
masses 

Dry  bone;  often  with 
the  silicate  calamine;  also 
with  sphalerite 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  imperfect, 
not  prominent 
Brittle 

3.2 

Hexagonal  prisms; 
granular 

Green  and  brown  colors 
often  intermixed;  crystals 
often  have  fused  appear- 
ance 

34 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


COLOR  YELLOW  OR  BROWN.  | 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

MONAZITE 

(Ce,La,Di,Th)PO4 

Honey-yellow 
Brown 

Adaman- 
tine 
Vitreous 

5 
5.5 

5 
5.5 

TITANITE 

CaTiSiOj 

Dark  brown 
Brownish  yellow 

Adaman- 
tine 
Greasy 
Vitreous 

WlLLEMITE 

TROOSTITE 

Zn2SiO4 

Greenish  yellow 
Reddish  brown 

Vitreous 

5.5 

OPAL 

SiO2+nH?O 

Yellow 
Brown 

Waxy 

Vitreous 

5.5 
6.5 

H 
fc 

H 

s 

« 

£ 

9 

s 

s 

s 

I 

ENSTATITE 

MgSi03 

Grayish  brown 
Greenish  brown 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

5.5 

BRONZITE 

(Mg,Fe)Si03 

Bronze-brown 

Vitreous 
Bronzy 

5 

6 

HYPERSTHENE 

(Fe,Mg)Si03 

Dark  brown 
Blackish  brown 

Bronze- 
metallic 
Vitreous 
Pearly 

5 

6 

AUGITE 

Silicate  of  Ca,  Mg,  Al,  and 
Fe,  chiefly 

Dark  brown 

Vitreous 

5 
6 

ANTHOPHYL- 

LITE 

(Mg,Fe)Si03 

Light  grayish 
brown 
Brownish  gray 
Greenish  gray 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

5.5 

6 

TREMOLITE 

CaMg3(SiO3)4 

Grayish  brown 

Vitreous 
Silky 

5 
6 

HORNBLENDE 

Ca(MgFe)3(Si03)4  with 
(MgFe)2(AlFe)4Si2012 
and  Na2Al2(SiO3)4 

Dark  reddish 
brown 

Vitreous 

5 
6 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


35 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  not  prom- 
inent 
Brittle 

5 
5.5 

Yellow  sand;  brown 
crystals 

Commonly  as  yellow 
sand;  crystals  rare 

Mono. 

C,  indistinct      usu- 
ally 
Brittle 

3.5 

Flat    wedge-shaped 
crystals;   massive 

Often  in  syenitic  rocks; 
often  with  hornblende  and 
magnetite  ;  masses  show 
cleavage 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  sometimes 
prominent 

3.9 
4.1 

Crystals;    granular; 
massive 

Often  in  calcite  with 
zincite,  franklinite 

Amorph. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal     and 
prominent 

2.2 

Massive;    wood-like 

Softer  than  brown  jas- 
per; wood  opal  shows 
wood  structure 

Orth. 

C,  prismatic       and 
brachypinaco  i  - 
dal,  very  prom- 
inent 
Brittle 

3.2 

Bladed,     columnar; 
massive 

Often  softer  because  of 
alteration  to  serpentine  ; 
pearly  cleavage  faces  usual 

Orth. 

C,  prismatic       and 
brachypinacoi- 
dal,  very  prom- 
inent 
Brittle 

3.5 

Reticulated  masses; 
columnar 

Bronze  luster  and  color 
characteristic 

Orth. 

C,  clinopinacoidal, 
very  prominent 
Brittle 

3.5 

Broad    cleavage; 
masses 

More  bronze  brown  than 
hornblende 

Mono. 

C,  prismatic,     not 
usually    promi- 
nent 
Cleavage  angle  87° 

3.5 

Crystals 

Distinguished  from  horn- 
blende by  the  prism  being 
nearly  square 

Orth. 

C,  prismatic     and 
prominent 

3.2 

Lamellar  ;     fibrous  ; 
reticulated;  columnar 

Often  soft  because  of 
alteration  ;  structure  re- 
sembles actinolite 

Mono. 

C,  prismatic       and 
prominent 

2.9 
3.4 

Bladed;    columnar; 
prismatic;    fibrous 

Cleavage  angle  124°; 
often  in  marble  or  calcite 
with  brown  tourmaline 

Mono. 

C,  prismatic,    very 
prominent 

3.4 

Crystals 

Prismatic  cleavage  angle 
about  124° 

36 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

NEPHELITE 
(Elseolite) 

NaAlSiO4 

Reddish  brown 

Greasy 
Vitreous 

5.5 

6 

ALLANITE 

(CaFe2)  (Al,Fe,Ce)2(AlOH)- 
(Si04)3 

Dark  brown 
Blackish  brown 

Pitchy 
Subme- 
tallic 

5.5 
6 

SlLLIMANITE 

(Fibrolite) 

Al2SiO5 

Light  grayish 
brown 
Hair-brown 

Vitreous 

6 

7 

ZOISITE 

CajjAlaCAlOHXSiO,), 

Grayish  brown 
Yellowish  brown 

Vitreous 

6 
6.5 

EPIDOTK 

HCa2(Al,Fe)3Si3013 

Oil  brown 
Greenish  brown 
Greenish  yellow 

Vitreous 

6 

7 

RUTILE 

TiO2 

Reddish  brown 

Adaman- 
tine 

6 
6.5 

CASSITERITE 

SnO2 

Reddish  brown 
Yellowish  brown 

Adaman- 
tine 
Dull 

6 

7 

CHONDRODITE 

Mg3[Mg(F,OH)2(Si04)2] 

Reddish  brown 
Brownish  yellow 

Vitreous      6 
6.5 

AXINITE 

AlCa3(A10H)(B03)Si4012 

Clove-brown 
Yellow 

Vitreous 

6.5 

7 

ORTHOCLASE 

KAlSi3O8 

Pale  brown 
Flesh-brown 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

6 
6.5 

QUARTZ 

var.  Citron 
Smoky 
Ferruginous 

SiO2 

Brownish  yellow 
Hair  brown 
Smoky  brown 
Yellowish  brown 
Reddish  brown 

Vitreous 

Glassy 
Greasy 

7 

CHALCEDONY 

var.  Agate 
Jasper 
Flint 

Si02 

Brown  or  yellow 
in  all  shades 

Waxy 
Vitreous 

7 

OR  LIGHT  QRAY. 


37 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Hex. 

C,  prismatic,      not 
prominent 
Brittle 

2.6 

Massive 

Usually  in  crystalline 
rock  with  feldspar,  biotite, 
leucite 

Mono. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

3.5 

4.2 

Thin  tabular  crys- 
tals; seldom  massive 

In  granitic  rocks  as  thin 
brownish,  pitch-like  crys- 
tals and  streaks 

Orth. 

C,  brachypinacoid- 
al,     prominent 
Brittle 

3.2 

Long  slender  prisms; 
fibers;  columns 

Always  in  schist  rocks; 
fibers  often  bent  and  retic- 
ulated 

Orth. 

C,  brachypinacoid- 
al,     prominent 
Brittle 

3.2 

Stout  columns  ; 
sometimes  fibrous 
masses 

Columnar  crystals  usual- 
ly much  broken  by  cross- 
fracture 

Mono. 

C,   basal,     perfect, 
sometimes 
prominent 
Brittle 

3.2 
3.5 

Prismatic  crystals; 
columnar  ;  fine  gran- 
ular 

Often  as  prisms  in  quartz 

Tetrag. 

C,   prismatic,     not 
important 
Brittle 

4.2 

Twinned  crystals  ; 
long  prisms;  acicular 

Crystals     usually     with 
deeply    striated   faces; 
knee-shaped  twins 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

6.8 

7 

Crystals;  rounded 
pebbles 

Pebbles  of  reddish,  gray- 
ish, and  yellowish  color, 
with  often  concentric 
structure 

Mono. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven,  brittle 

3.2 

Crystals;  embedded 
grains  in  rock 

Often  in  calcite  with 
octahedrons  of  spinel 

Trie. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  eonchoidal 
Brittle 

3.2 

Thin  sharp-edged 
crystals 

Often  with  garnet,  tour- 
maline, albite,  quartz 

Mono. 

C,  basal  and  clino- 
pinacoidal,very 
prominent 

2.6 

Crystals  ;  cleavage 
pieces;  massive 

Commonly  with  quartz, 
mica,  hornblende  ;  two 
cleavages  at  R.  A. 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  eonchoidal 
Very  prominent 
Brittle 

2.6 

Hexagonal  prisms 
and  pyramids  ;  prism 
faces  usually  horizon- 
tally striated  ;  mas- 
sive. 

Smoky  quartz  common  in 
granites  with  orthoclase, 
biotite,  or  hornblende;  eon- 
choidal fracture  character- 
istic 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  eonchoidal 
Very  prominent 
Brittle 

2.6 

Colloidal  masses; 
often  banded;  botry- 
oidal;  mammillary 

Conchoidal  fracture,  very 
characteristic 

38 


STREAK  UNOOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

PINE,  RED,  OR  RED-VIOLET.  [  COLOR  YELLOW  OR  BROWN. 

VESUVIANITE 

MgCa6(A10H)Al2(Si04)6 

Dark  brown 
Greenish  brown 
Brownish  yellow 
Greenish  yellow 

Vitreous 
Greasy 

6.5 

7 

GARNET 

var.  Grossularite 
Andradite 
Almandite 
Spessartite 
Pyropd 

Ca3Al2(Si04)3 
Ca3Fe2(Si04)3 
Fe3Al2(Si04)3 
Mii3Al2(Si04)3 
Mg3Al2(Si04)3 

Reddish  brown 
Yellowish  brown 
Reddish  yellow 
Brownish  yellow 

Vitreous 

6.5 
7.5 

TOURMALINE 

7H2O.2Na2O.12MgO.6B2O3.- 
13Al2O324SiO2 

Cinnamon-brown 
Dark  brown 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

• 
4 

7.5 

STAUROLITE 

HFeAl6Si2O13 

Dark    reddish 
brown 

Vitreous 

7 
7.5 

BERYL 

Be3Al2(Si03)a 

Golden  j^ellow 
Greenish  yellow 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

7.5 

8 

ZIRCON 

ZrSiO4 

Slate-brown 
Light  brown 
Dark  brown 

Vitreous 
Pearly 
Resinous 

7.5 

8 

TOPAZ 

Al2(F,OH)2Si04 

Honey-yellow 
Wine-yellow 
Yellowish  brown 

Vitreous 

8 

GYPSUM 

CaS04+2H20 

Brick-red 

Vitreous 
Silky 

1.5 
2  / 

LEPIDOLITE 

(Li,K)2Al2(F,OH)2Si309 

Pale  pink  to 
Deep  rose-red 

Pearly 

2.5 
4 

VANADINITE 

(PbCl)Pb4(V04)3 

Bright  red 
Orange-red 
Ruby-red 

Adaman- 
tine 
Greasy 

2.5 
3 

WULFENITE 

PbMoO4 

Orange-red 

Adaman- 
tine 
Greasy 

3 

CALCITE 

CaC03 

Pink 
Brick-red 

Vitreous 

3 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


39 


System.       Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G             Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Tetrag. 

i  C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

3.4 

Square  prisms  with 
low  pyramids;  mas- 
sive; granular 

Often  in  white  or  blue 
calcite;  prism  faces  gen- 
erally vertically  striated 

Isom. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven,  coarse 
Brittle 

3.1 
.4.3 

Crystals;  dodecahe- 
drons with  icosatet- 
rahedrons  ;  granular  ; 
massive 

Often  in  schists  and 
gneisses;  also  with  cal- 
cite ;  usually  in  crystals 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Very  brittle 

3 
3.2 

Trigonal;  prisms 
with  vertically  striat- 
ed faces 

Prisms  usually  much 
cross-fractured;  often  in 
calcite  with  tremolite 

Orth. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

3.7 

Crystals  ;  often 
twinned  in  crosses,  or 
X  -shaped 

Usually  in  schists  ;  often 
with  cyanite  ;  sillimanite 

Hex. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

2.6 

2.8 

Hexagonal  prisms 
with  base 

Harder  than  quartz, 
and  crystals  have  basal 
planes 

Tetrag. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal 
Brittle 

4.7 

Square  prisms  with 
pyramids;  rounded 
grains 

Often  in  granitic  rocks; 
crystals  always,  and  usu- 
ally small 

Orth. 

C,  basal,  very  prom- 
inent 
Brittle 

3.4 
3.6 

Crystals  ;  prisms; 
pyramids 

Always  in  crystals  ;  some- 
times in  cavities  in  rhyo- 
lite 

Mono. 

C,  clinopin  a  c  o  i  d  a  1, 
perfect  and  prom- 
inent 
Brittle 

2.3 

Columnar;    fibrous; 
massive;    granular 

Gypsum  stained  by  fer- 
ric oxide 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  perfect    and 
prominent 
Tough 

2.9 

Micaceous;  fl&kes; 
scales;  compact  scaly 

masses 

Usually     with     rose-red 
tourmaline,     feldspar,     or 
quartz 

Hex. 

C,  not  important 
Brittle 

6.6 
7.2 

Small    hexagonal 
prisms 

Often  with  wulfenite  or 
galenite 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  important 
Brittle 

6.7 

7 

Square  tabular  crys- 
tals 

Often  with  vanadinite 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohedral, 
prominent 
Brittle 

27 

Rhombohedrons; 
stalactites;  massive 

Color  due  to  stain  of  fer- 
ric oxide  or  manganese 
oxide 

40 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name. 

Composition  . 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

COLOR  PINK,  RED,  OR  RED-VIOLET. 

HEULANDITE 

H4CaAl2(SieO18)+3H2O 

Deep  brick-red 

Pearly 

3.5 
4 

SPHALERITE 

ZnS 

Brownish  red 
Yellowish  red 

Resinous 

3.5 
4 

DOLOMITE 

(Ca,Mg)C03 

N 

Pale  pink 

Vitreous 

3.5 
4 

RHODOCHROSITE 

MnCO3 

Rose-red 

Vitreous 

3.5 
4.5 

MARGARITE 

H2CaAl4Si2O12 

Pink 
Rose-red 

Pearly 

Vitreous 

3.5 
4.5 

FLUORITE 

CaF2 

Violet-red 
Purple 
Pink 

Amethystine 

Vitreous 

Glassy 

4 

CHABAZITE 

Ca3Al6(Si04)3(Si308)3 
+  18H2O 

Pale  brick-red 
Flesh-red 

Vitreous 

4 
5 

APOPHYLLITE 

Hl2Ca2(CaOF)2(Si207)3 

Pale  violet-red 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

4.5 
5 

SCAPOLITE 

WERNERITE 

Ca4AlttSi6O25 
with 
Na4Al3ClSi9O24 

Lilac-red 
Violet-red 
Pink 

Vitreous 
Greasy 

5.5 

RHODONITE 

MnSiO3 

Rose-red 
Brownish  red 

Vitreous 

5.5 
6.5 

OPAL 

SiO2+nH2O 

Brownish  red 

Waxy 

5.5 
6.5 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


41 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Mono. 

C,  clinopinacoidal, 
prominent 
Brittle 

2.2 

Tabular  plates  ;  crys- 
tals 

Often  in  cavities  of  lava 
rock   with    stilbite,    chab- 
azite,  analcite 

Isom. 

C,  dodecahedral, 
very  prominent- 
Brittle 

3.9 
4.1 

Crystals;  massive 

Cleavage  masses  com- 
mon; occurs  with  various 
sulphides 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohedral, 
not    usually 
prominent 
Brittle 

2.9 

Rhombohedrons; 
with     curved    faces; 
saddle-shaped     crys- 
tals 

Often  with  galenite,  c^l- 
cite  quartz,  chalcopyrite 

Hex. 

G,  rhombohedral, 
very  prominent 
Brittle 

3.4 
3.6 

Rhombohedrons  ; 

massive 

Often  with  silver  ores, 
also  quartz,  galenite,  py- 
rite 

Mono. 

C,  basal,   perfect 
and  prominent 
Brittle 

3 

Micaceous;  foliated 

Often  as  veins  in  green 
chlorite  with  diaspore, 
corundum;  not  elastic 
like  muscovite  ;  called 
brittle  mica 

Isom. 

C,  octahedral,    per- 
fect and  prom- 
inent 
Brittle 

3 
3.2 

Cubes;  massive 

Often  with  cassiterite, 
wolframite,  galenite,  py- 
rite 

Hex. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

2 

Crystals;     rhombo- 
hedrons 

Crystals  almost  cubes  in 
shape;  often  with  stilbite 
and  heulandite  in  cavities 
in  lava 

Tetrag. 

C,  basal,  perfect 
and  prominent 
Brittle 

2.4 

Square  prisms  with 
base;  resemble  cubes 

Prism  faces  vertically 
striated;  basal  planes  have 
very  pearly  luster 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

2.6 

2.8 

Massive  ;   coarse 
granular 

Harder  than  fluorite 

Trie. 

C,  prismatic,  prom- 
inent 
Tough 

3.4 
3.6 

Massive      granular; 
crystals 

Often  in  calcite  with 
franklinite;  also  with  sil- 
ver ores 

Amorph. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal, 
prominent 

1.9 
2.3 

Colloidal  masses 

Conchoidal  fracture  char- 
acteristic; softer  than  jas- 
per 

42 


STREAK  UNOOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

ORTHOCLASE 

KAlSi3O8 

Brick-red 
Flesh-red 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

6 
6.5 

ZOISITE 

var.  Thulite 

GB^CAIQH)^. 

Bright  rose-red 

Vitreous 

6 
6.5 

CHONDRODITE 

Mg3[Mg(F,OH)2](Si04)2 

Dark  red 
Brownish  red 

Vitreous 

6 
6.5 

N 

RUTILE 

Ti02 

Dark  red 

Adaman- 
tine 

6 
6.5 

ED-VIOLE 

QUARTZ 

var.  Amethyst 
Rose 
Ferruginous 

Si02 

Amethystine 
Rose-red 
Brick-red 
Violet^red 

Vitreous 
Glassy 
Greasy 

7 

ffi 

§ 
§ 

CHALCEDONY 

var.  Agate 
Carnelian 
Jasper 

Si02 

Bright  red 
Carnelian-red 
Dark  red 
Brownish  red 

Waxy 
Vitreous 

7 

K 

GARNET 

var.  Grossularite  ) 
Essonite        f 
Andradite 
Pyrope 
Almandite 
Spessartite 

Ca3Al2(Si04)3 

Ca3Fe2(Si04)3 
Mg3(Fe,Al)2(Si04)3 
(Mg,Fe)3(Fe,Al)2(Si04)3 
Mn3(Fe,Al)2(SiO4)3 

Light    to   dark 
red 
Brownish  red 
Cinnamon-red 
Rose-red 

Vitreous 

6.5 
7.5 

8 

TOURMALINE 

H8(Na,Li)4Al10B6Si12083 

Pink 
Rose-red 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

7 
7.5 

ANDALUSITE 

Al^ 

Pink 
Pale  rose 

Vitreous 

7 
7.5 

STAUROLITE 

HFeAl5Si2O13 

Dark     brownish 
red 

Vitreous 

7 
7.5 

SPINEL 

MgAl204 

Ruby-red 

Vitreous 

S 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


43 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Mono. 

C,  basal  and  clino- 
pinac  oidal, 
prominent 

2.6 

Crystals;  massive 

4 

Occurs  with  quartz,  mica, 
hornblende  in  red  granite; 
see  feldspar 

Orth. 

C,brachypinacoidal  , 
not  prominent 
Brittle 

3.3 

Massive 

Not  common  color 

Mono. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

3.2 

Crystals;  embedded 
grains 

Occurs  with  spinel  in 
crystalline  limestone  ;  of- 
ten with  chlorite 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

4.2 

Crystals;  long  slen- 
der prisms;  acicular 

Often  as  acicular  crys- 
tals in  quartz 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoid  al, 
prominent 
Brittle 

2.6 

Hexagonal  prisms 
and  pyramids;  mas- 
sive 

Ferruginous  quartz  usu- 
ally with  specular  hema- 
tite; rose  quartz  usually 
massive;  amethyst  usual- 
ly in  crystals 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  conch  oidal, 
prominent 
Brittle  to  tough 

2.6 

Massive;  crypto- 
crystalline;  banded 

Very  common  as  jas- 
per; agate  usually  finely 
banded 

Isom. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

3.1 
4.3 

Crystals  ;  granular  ; 
rounded  grains  ;  mas- 
sive 

Common  in  schists, 
gneisses,  and  crystalline 
limestone 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Very  brittle 

3 
.3.2 

Prismatic,  often  ra- 
diate or  divergent; 
long  trigonal  prisms 

Usually  in  lepidolite; 
crystals  often  parti-col- 
ored red  and  green 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

3.2 

Crystals  ;  nearly 
square  prisms  ;  mas- 
sive 

Often  in  schists  with 
albite,  staurolite 

Orth. 

C,  imperfect 
Brittle 

3.7 

Crystals;  often 
twinned  into  crosses 
and  X  shapes 

Occurs  in  schists  with 
cyanite,  sillimanite,  an- 
dalusite,  chlorite 

Isom 

C,  imperfect 
Brittle 

3.5 
4.1 

Rounded  grains; 
small  octahedrons 

Resembles  red  garnet  and 
ruby  corundum 

44 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


[  COLOR  BLUE  OR  BLUE-VIOLET. 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster.         H. 

TOPAZ 

Al2(F,OH)2SiO4 
* 

Pink 

Vitreous 

8 

CORUNDUM 

A1203 

Ruby-red 

Vitreous 

9 

VIVIANITE 

Fe3P208+8H20 

Greenish  blue 
Indigo-blue 

Vitreous 
Pearly 
Dull 

1.5 
2 

CHALCANTHITE 

CuS04+5H2O 

Sky-blue 
Greenish  blue 

Vitreous 

2.5 

CHRYSOCOLLA 

CuSiO3+2H2O 

Greenish  blue 

Greasy 
Vitreous 
Dull 

2 
4 

CALCITE 

CaCO3 

Sky-blue 

Vitreous 

3 

CELESTITE 

SrSO4 

Light  sky-blue 

Vitreous 

3 
3.5 

BARITE 

BaSO4 

Pale  greenish 
blue 

Vitreous 

2.5 
3.5 

FLUOR1TE 

CaF8 

Violet-blue 
Greenish  blue 

Vitreous 
Very 
glassy 

4 

CALAMINE 

H2Zn2Si06 

Pale  blue 

Vitreous 
Silky 

4.5 
5 

LAZULITE 

MgAl2P209+H20 

Smalt-blue 
Sky-blue 
Azure-blue 

Vitreous 

5 

6 

LAZURITE 
(Lapis  Lazuli) 

Na4(AlS3Na)Ala(Si04)3 

Deep  azure-blue 
Berlin  blue 
Ultramarine  blue 

Vitreous 

5 
5.5 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


45 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Orth. 

C,  basal,  very  per- 
fect and  prom- 
inent 
Brittle 

3.4 
3.6 

Crystals 

Usually  artificially  col- 
ored; uncommon  color  in 
nature 

Hex. 

C,  rhomb  ohedral, 
not  prominent 
Brittle  to  tough 

3.9 
4.1 

Crystals;   grains  ; 
massive 

Often  intermixed  with 
blue  when  massive;  very 
hard 

Mono. 

C,  pinacoidal, 
prominent  in 
crystals 

2.6 

Long       prisms; 
fibrous;  earthy 

Earthy  globular  masses 
in  clay  or  rock,  common; 
prisms  in  pyrrhotite  cavi- 
ties 

Trie. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  conchoidal 
Brittle 

2.1 
2.3 

Crystals;     massive; 
stalactitic;   fibrous 

Taste  metallic,  nauseous; 
artificial  crystals  common 
as  blue  vitriol 

Amorph. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal 
Sectile 

2 
2.2 

Granular;       stains; 
incrustations;    seams 

Often  with  clay,  chal- 
copyrite,  limonite,  mala- 
chite 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohedral, 
very  prominent 
Brittle" 

2.7 

Coarsely     granular; 
cjoarse  cleavage  masses 

Often  with  vesuvianite, 
pyroxene 

Orth. 

C,  basal    and  pris- 
matic,    promi- 
nent 

3.9 

Massive;  fibrous 

Massive  varieties  show 
good  cleavage  and  are  al- 
most colorless  :  heavy 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  fibrous 

4.3 
4.6 

Fibrous 

Heavy  fibrous  mineral 

Isom. 

C,  octahedral,  very 
prominent 
Brittle 

3 
3.2 

Cubes;   compact  or 
granular;    massive 

Usually  violet-blue  or 
greenish  blue;  often  with 
galena,  cassiterite 

Orth. 

C,  prismatic,  some- 
times prominent 
Brittle 

3.5 

Drusy    crystals; 
coatings'  massive 

Geodal  -  shaped  masses 
with  drusy  surface 

Mono. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

3 

Crystals;     acute 
pointed  pyramids 

UsuaUy  as  crystals  in 
white  quartzite  rock 

Isom. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

2.4 

Massive 

Usually  intermixed  with 
calcite  and  pyrite 

46 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name, 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

Ho 

SODALITB 

Na4(Al,Cl)Al2Si3012 

Lavender-blue 
Azure-blue 

Vitreous 
Greasy 

5.5 

6 

OPAL 

SiO2+nH2O 

Pale  grayish  blue 
Greenish  blue 

Waxy 
Vitreous 

5.5 
6.5 

• 

CYANITE 

Al^iOj 

Sky-blue 
Pale  greenish  blue 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

5 
7 

1 

w 

TURQUOIS 

A1PO,A1(OH)3+H20 

Greenish  blue 

Dull 
Waxy 

6 

1 

tf 

QUARTZ 

SiO2 

Grayish  blue 
Greenish  blue 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

7 

0 

n 

s 

CHALCEDONY 

SiQa 

Grayish  blue 
Greenish  blue 

Waxy 

Greasy 

7 

w 
tf 

8 

CORDIERITE 

(lolite) 

Al0Mg4(A10H)2(Si207)5 

Grayish  blue 
Greenish  blue 
Smoky  blue 

•i  rreous 
Glassy 

7 
7.5 

BERYL 

Be3Al2(SiG4)6 

Aquamarine  blue 
Pale  blue 
Sky-blue 

Vitreous 

Glassy  , 

7.5 

8 

TOPAZ 

Al2(F,OH)2Si04 

Greenish  blue 
Sky-blue 

Vitreous 

8 

CORUNDUM 

A1203 

Grayish  blue 
Sapphire-blue 

Vitreous 

9 

w 
« 

TALC 

H2Mg2(Si03)4 

Pale  green 
Deep  green 

Greasy 

1 
1.5 

[  COLOR  G 

VlVIANITE 

Fe3P2O8+8H2O 

Bluish  green 

Vitreous 
Pearly 
Dull 

1.5 
2 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


47 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Comino'n  Structure. 

Observations. 

Isom. 

C,  dodecahedral, 
not  prominent 
Brittle 

2.1 
2.5 

Massive  ;   grains 

Usually  with  nephelite, 
leucite  and  albite  in  syen- 
ite rock 

Amorph. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal,  prom- 
inent 

1.9 
2.3 

Massive 

Color  not  usually  homo- 
geneous 

Trie. 

C,  pinacoidal,  prom- 
inent 
Tough 

3.6 

Bladed;  reticulated 

Cleavage  faces  usually 
wavy  or  bent  and  with 
much  cross  parting;  often 
in  schists  with  staurolite 

None. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 

2.6 

Irregular  -shaped 
masses  ;  grains  ;  seams  ; 
impalpable 

Occurs  intermixed  with 
rock  in  veins,  seams,  etc. 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal    and 
prominent 

2.6 

Crystals;  massive 

Much  more  glassy  and 
crystalline  than  chalced- 
ony 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  concho  idal, 
prominent 

2.6 

Geodes;  botryoidal; 
banded;  stalactitic 

Geodes  often  have  glassy 
quartz  centers 

Orth. 

C,  not  important 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

2.6 

Massive  ;  granular 

Occurs  in  gneisses  and 
schists  with  sillimanite, 
andalusite;  resembles  blue 
quartz 

Hex. 

C,  rough  basal 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

2.6 
2.8 

Hexagonal    prisms; 
broken  crystals 

Occurs  in  granite  with 
quartz,  feldspar,  and  mica 

Orth. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Brittle 

3.4 
3.6 

Crystals 

Resembles  aquamarine 
beryl  except  in  crystal 
form;  not  common  color 

Hex. 

C,  rhomboliedral, 
prominent 
Tough 

3.9 
4.1 

Massive  ;   grains; 
barrel-shaped  crystals 

Masses  often  show  fine 
parallel  striations  due  to 
twinning  and  cleavage 

Orth. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
F,  splintery,  uneven 

2.8 

Foliated  massive 

Soft  and  greasy  feel; 
very  flexible  but  not  elas- 
tic 

Mono. 

C,  clinopinacoidal, 
prominent       in 
crystals 
Brittle 

2.6 

Long     prisms    with 
striated  faces;  earthy  ; 
powder 

Earthy  masses  in  clay, 
bones,  fossils  ;  crystals 
often  in  pyrrhotite 

STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

|  COLOR  GREEN. 

GARNIERITE 

H3(Ni,Mg)Si04+H20 

Apple-green 

Dull 

1 
2 

CHLORITE 

PROCHLORITE 
CLINOCHLORE 

H8(Mg,Fe)5Al2Si3018 

Grass-green 
Brownish  green 
Dark  green 

Pearly 
Vitreous 

1.5 
2.5 

MUSCOVITE 
(Chrome  mica) 

H2KAl3(SiO4)3  with  Cr 

Emerald-green 
Apple-green 

Pearly 

Vitreous 

2 
2.5 

BIOTITE 

(HK)2(Mg,Fe)2(AlFe)2- 
(Si04)3 

Brownish  green 
Deep  green 

Pearly 
Vitreous 

2.5 
3 

CHALCANTHITE 

CuSO,+  5H2O 

Bluish  green 

Vitreous 
Greasy 

2.5 

CHRYSOCOLLA 

CuSiO3+2H2O 

Bluish  green 

Greasy 
Vitreous 
Dull 

2 
4 

SERPENTINE 
CHRYSOTILE 

ASBESTOS 

H4Mg3Si209 

Oil-green 
Light  green 
Dark  green 
Blackish  green 

Greasy 

Silky 

2.5 
4 

ACTINOLITE 

Ca(Mg,Fe)3(SiO3)4 

Grass-green 
Deep  green 

Vitreous 

Silky 

2.5 
4 

BARITE 

BaSO4 

Pale  green 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

25 
3.5 

WAVELLITE 

A15(OH)3(P04)2+5H08 

Pale  green 
Bright  green 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

3 
4 

PYROMORPHITE 

(PbCl)Pb4(P04)3 

Yellowish  green 
Dark  green 

Adaman- 
tine 
Pearly 

3.5 
4 

FLUORITE 

CaF2 

Pale  green 
Bright  green 
Bluish  green 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

4 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


49 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Amorph. 

C,  none 
F,  earthy 

2.3 

2.8 

Friable  masses;  clay- 
like  masses 

Rounded  and  pod-shaped 
masses  in  clay 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Tough 

2.8 

Foliated;  mica- 
ceous; scaly;  flaky 

Flexible  but  not  elastic; 
dark-colored  in  thin  plates; 
very  common  in  schists 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Tough 

2.7 
3 

Micaceous;  scales; 
flakes;  sheets 

Light  color  to  colorless 
in  thin  sheets;  highly 
elastic 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Tough 

2.7 
3.1 

Micaceous;  scales; 
flakes 

Dark-  colored  mica  in 
thinnest  sheets  ;  elastic 
and  flexible 

Trie. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  conchoidal 
Brittle 

2.1 
2.3 

Crystals  ;  massive  ; 
fibrous 

Taste  nauseous  metal- 
lic; blue  vitriol 

Amorph. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal 
Sectile  to  brittle 

2 
2.2 

Incrustations  ; 
seams  ;  stains 

Never  fibrous  like  mala- 
chite; often  with  mala- 
chite, chalcopyrite 

Mono. 

C,  not  important 
F,    conchoidal     or 
splintery 

2.6 

Massive  ;    fibrous 

Feels  smooth  and  looks 
greasy  ;  dark  masses  often 
intersected  by  veinlets  of 
chrysotile  asbestos 

Mono. 

C,  fibrous 
Brittle 

3 

Fibrous  reticulated 
masses 

Occurs  as  actinolite 
schists  ;  individual  fibers 
are  harder 

Orth. 

C,  basal   and    pris- 
m  a  t  i  c  ,     very 
prominent 
Brittle 

4.3 
4.6 

Platy;  massive  ; 
crystals 

Usually  nearly  colorless 
with  greenish  cast;  heavy 
vitreous  mineral 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

2.3 

Fine  radiating 
fibrous  globules; 
rosette-like 

Usually  on  rock  surface 
as  small  fibrous  rosettes 

Hex. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

6.5 
7.1 

Hexagonal  prisms 
with  striated  faces  ; 
granular  ;  fibrous 

Often  with  galena,  angle- 
site,  mime  tite 

Isom. 

C,  octahedral,  very 
prominent 
Brittle 

3 
3.2 

Cubes  ;  octahedral 
cleavage  pieces;  mas- 
sive; granular 

Often  with  calcite,  ga- 
lena, pyrite,  dolomite 

50 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


COLOR  GREEN. 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

CALAMINE 

H2Zn2Si05 

Bluish  green 
Pale  green 

Vitreous 

4.5 
5 

SMITHSONITE 

ZnCO3 

Grayish  green 
Bluish  green 

Vitreous 

5 

APATITE 

(CaF)Ca4(P04)8 

Pale  green 
Grass-green 
Dark  green 
Brownish  green 

Greasy 
Vitreous 

5 

OPAL 

SiO2+nH2O 

Grayish  green 

Waxy 

Vitreous- 

5.5 
<>.5 

WILLEMITE 

Zn2SiO4 

Yellowish  green 
Bright  green 

Vitreous 

5.5 

CYANITE 

Al2Si05 

Pale  bluish  green 

Vitreous 

5 
7 

PYROXENE 

ENSTATITE 

MgSi03 

Grayish  green 
Brownish  green 

Vitreous 
Pearly 
Silky 

5.5 

DIOPSIDE 

CaMg(Si03)2 

Pale  green 
Bright  green 

Vitreous 

Glassy 

5 
6.5 

AUGITE 

i 

Silicate  of  Ca,  Mg,  Fe, 
and  Al,  chiefly 

Blackish  green 

Vitreous 

5 
6 

AMPHIBOLE 

ACTINOLITE 

Ca(Mg,Fe)3(Si03)4 

Grass-green 
Dark  green 

Vitreous 

Silky 

5 
6 

HORNBLENDE 

Silicate  of  Ca,  Mg,  Fe, 
and  Al,  chiefly 

Blackish  green 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

5 
6 

TURQUOIS 
(Variscite) 

A1P04A1(OH)3+H20 

Bluish  green 
Apple-green 

Waxy 
Dull 

6 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Orth. 

C,  prismatic,  some- 
times prominent 

3.5 

Fibrous       mammil- 
lary  masses 

Often  with  smithsonite 

Hex. 

C,    rhombodehr  a  1  , 
not  usually 
prominent 
Brittle 

4.4 

Drusy  masses;  bot- 
ryoidal  or  mammillary 

Usually  very  compact, 
like  chalcedony 

i 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  not  prom- 
inent 
Brittle 

3.2 

Hexagonal    prisms  ; 
granular;  massive 

Commonly  intermixed 
with  brown  colors;  often 
with  calcite  ;  crystals  often 
have  fused  appearance 

Amorph. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal     and 
prominent 

1.9 
2.3 

Colloidal  masses 

Waxy  luster  character- 
istic 

Hex. 

C,    prismatic,     not 
prominent 
Brittle 

3.9 
4.1 

Massive;  granular 

Usually  with  franklinite, 
zincite,  and  calcite 

Trie. 

C,  macropinacoidal, 
prominent 
Tough 

3.6 

Bladed;  columnar 

Divergent  columnar;  long 
blades  usually  bent  and 
cross-fractured 

Orth. 

C,  prismatic,  prom- 
inent 
Brittle 

3.1 

3.3 

Prismatic      masses; 
divergent  columns 

Often  much  softer,  owing 
to  alteration  to  serpentine 

Mono. 

C,    prismatic,     not 
prominent 
Brittle 

3.3 

Crystals  ;         square 
prisms   with   oblique 
base 

Usually  prisms  have  a 
prominent  basal  parting 

Mono. 

C,    prismatic,     not 
prominent 
Cleavage  angle  =  87° 

3.3 

Crystals;  massive 

Cleavage  not  so  promi- 
nent as  in  hornblende; 
more  common  as  crystals 

Mono. 

C,  prismatic,  prom- 
inent 
Cleavage  angle  = 
124° 

3 
3.2 

Divergent  columnar 
or  fibrous;  reticulated 

masses 

Often  with  talc  or  chlo- 
rite; fine  to  coarse  fibrous 
and  reticulated;  often  in 
schists 

Mono. 

C,    prismatic     and 
very  prominent 
Cleavage   a  n  g  1  e  = 
124° 

3 
3.2 

Massive;  prismatic; 
columnar 

Cleavage  faces  usually 
have  fibrous  appearance; 
common  in  granitic  rocks 
and  schists 

None. 

C,  none 
Brittle 

2.6 

Globular  masses; 
veins;  seams 

Usually  intermixed  with 
rock  in  irregular  masses  or 
veins 

52 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


[  COLOR  GREEN. 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

NEPHELITE 
(Elaeolite) 

NaAlSiO< 

Grayish  green 
Brownish  green 

Greasy 
Vitreous 

5.5 

6 

MICROCLINE 

(Feldspar) 

KAl.Si308 

Bright  green 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

6 
6.5 

PREHNITE 

H.Ca^SiOJg 

Pale  green 
Bright  green 

Vitreous 

6 

6.5 

CHLORITOID 

H2(Fe,Mg)Al2Si07 

Dark  green 
Greenish  black 

Pearly 

Vitreous 

6.5 

EPIDOTE 

HCa2(Al,Fe)3Si3013 

Pistachio-green 
Yellowish  green 
Oil-green 
Brownish  green 

Vitreous 

6 

7 

VESUVIANITE 

MgCa5(Al,OH)Al2(Si04)5 

Brownish  green 
Bright  green 

Vitreous 

Greasy 

6.5 

OLIVINE 

(Chrysolite) 

(Mg,Fe)2SiO4 

Bottle-green 
Oil-green 
Grass-green 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

6.5 

7 

JADEITE 

NaAl(SiO3)2 

Grayish  green 
Deep  green 

Vitreous 

Silky 

6.5 

7 

QUARTZ 

SiO2 

Light  to  dark 
green 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

7 

CHALCEDONY 

var.  Jasper 
Chrysoprase 
Plasma 

Si02 

Apple-green 
Leek-green 
Light  to  dark 
green 

Vitreous 
Waxy 

7 

7 
7.5 

GARNET 
(Uvarovite) 

Ca3Cr2(SiOA, 

Emerald-green 

Vitreous 

TOURMALINE 

4H2O.2(Na,Li)2O. 
3B2O3.8Al2O3.12SiO2 

Dark  green 

Vitreous 

Glassy 

7 
7.5 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


53 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Hex. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

2.6 

Massive  ;  short  hex- 
agonal prisms  (rare) 

Usually  with  augite,  soda- 
lite,  leu  cite 

Trie. 

C,  basal  and  brachy- 
pinacoidal 
Brittle 

2.5 

Crystals;  cleavage 
pieces 

Pearly  luster  on  basal 
cleavage,  also  vein-like 
markings;  green  Amazon 
stone 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

2.9 

Reniform  masses 
with  drusy  surfaces; 
small  stalactitic 

Occurs  usually  in  cavi- 
ties and  fissures  in  basalts 
and  diabases 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  prominent 
Brittle 

3.5 

Foliated  massive  ; 
micaceous;  platy 

Deep  green  in  thin  plates; 
resembles  hornblende 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
usually   promi- 
nent 
Brittle 

3.2 
3.5 

Crystals;  prismatic; 
long  columnar;  gran- 
ular; massive 

Often  in  quartz;  also 
with  pyroxene,  hornblende, 
magnetite,  garnet 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

3.4 

Square  prisms;  faces 
often  vertically  stri- 
ated; massive;  gran- 
ular 

Often  with  calcite;  crys- 
tals usually  not  perfect 

Orth. 

C,  not  important 
Brittle 

3.3 

Rounded  masses  of 
green  grains;  massive 

granular 

Occurs  in  basalt  as  bomb- 
shaped  masses  of  light  and 
dark  green,  very  glassy 
grains 

Mono. 

C,  not  prominent 
Tough 

3.3 

Very  compact 
fibrous 

Tough  masses  of  inter- 
locking fibers 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal    and 
prominent 

2.6 

Hexagonal  prisms 
and  pyramids 

Quartz  stained  with  chlo- 
rite or  actinolite 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal     and 
prominent 
Brittle 

2.6 

Massive,  compact  ; 
cryptocrystalline 

Not  so  glassy  as  quartz 

Isom. 

C,  none 
Brittle 

3.5 

Small  crystals;  gran- 
ular 

Sometimes  on  chromite 
as  green  glassy  crystals 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Verv  brittle 

3 
3.2 

Trigonal  or  hexag- 
onal prisms 

Often  with  pink  tourma- 
line in  lepidolite  or  with 
quartz,  biotite.  feldspar 

54 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


i 

« 

i 

I 
i 

8 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

BERYL 

var.  Aquamarine 
Emerald 
Common 

Be3Al2(Si03)8 

Pale  green 
Bluish  green 
Sea-green 
Emerald-green 

Vitreous 
Very 
glassy 

7.5 

8 

TOPAZ 

A1,(P,OH)^04    . 

Bluish  green 

Vitreous 

8 

CHRYSOBERYL 
\ 

BeALX), 

Brownish  green 

Greasy 
Vitreous 

8 

8.5 

CORUNDUM 

A1203 

Bluish  green 
Grayish  green 

Vitreous 

9 

BIOTITE 

(Mica) 

(HK)2(Mg,Fe)2(Al,Fe)2- 
(Si04)3 

Brownish  black 
Greenish  black 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

2.5 
3' 

CALCITE 
DOLOMITE 
(Limestone) 

CaCO3 
(Ca,Mg)C03 

Grayish  black 

Vitreous 

3 
3.5 
4 

FLUORITE 

CaF2 

Dark  purple- 
black 

Vitreous 

4 

HORNBLENDE 

Silicate  of  Ca,  Mg,  Fe,  and 
Al,  chiefly 

Greenish  black 
Brownish  black 

Vitreous 
Silky 
Pearly 

5 

6 

AUGITE 

Silicate  of  Ca,  Mg,  Fe,  and 
Al,  chiefly 

Greenish  black 
Brownish  black 

Vitreous 

5 

6 

ALLANITE 

(Ca,Fe)2(Al,Ce,Fe)2- 
(A10H)(Si04)8 

Brownish  black 
Pitch-black 

Pitchlike 
Sub  me- 
tallic 

5.5 
6 

BROOKITE 

TiO, 

Brownish  black 

Subme- 
tallic 
Adaman- 
tine 

5.5 
6 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


55 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Hex. 

C,  rough  basal,  not 
prominent 
Brittle 

2.6 

2.8 

Hexagonal     prisms 
with  basalplanes; 
broken  crystals 

Often  in  granite  with 
mica  and  feldspar 

Orth. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Brittle 

3.4 
3.6 

Crystals 

Often  nearly  square 
prisms  with  base;  resem- 
bles aquamarine  beryl,  ex- 
cept in  form 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

3.5 
3.8 

Twinned    crystals; 
tabular 

Plates  with  twinning 
striations  radiating  from 
center;  occurs  with  feld- 
spar, garnet 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohedral 
prominent 
Tough 

3.9 
4.1 

Massive 

Often  with  cleavage 
striations  on  faces 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Tough 

2.7 
3.1 

Micaceous  ;     plates  ; 
scales 

Dark-colored  mica  in 
thinnest  plates;  common 
in  granitic  rocks 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  fine     or     coarse 
granular 
Brittle 

2.7 
2.9 

Compact  granular 

Black  limestone  or  mar- 
ble 

Isom. 

C,  octahedral, 
prominent 
Brittle 

3 
3.2 

Massive;  banded 

Black  color  not  common 

Mono. 

C,  prismatic,  prom- 
inent. 
Cleavage  angle  124° 

2.9 
3.4 

Massive;       fibrous; 
long  prismatic 

Cleavage  faces  very 
bright  with  often  fibrous 
appearance  ;  common  with 
feldspar,  quartz 

Mono. 

C,    prismatic,    not 
very  prominent 
Cleavage  angle  87° 

3.3 

Almost    square 
prisms   with   oblique 
oases;  massive 

^  Usually  with  dark  basal- 
tic rocks;  cleavage  not  so 
good  as  in  hornblende 

Mono. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

3.5 
4.2 

Tabular      crystals; 
thin  seams  in  rock 

Occurs  in  granitic  rocks 
as  black,  pitch-like  veins 
or  as  crystals 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

3.8 
4.8 

Crystals      only; 
square  or  hexagonal- 
shaped  pyramids 

Crystal  faces  >  of  ten  stri- 
ated; not  twinned  like 
rutile 

56 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

RUTILE 

TiO2 

Brownish  black 

Metallic 
Adaman- 
tine 

6 
6.5 

' 

CASSITERITE 

Sn02 

Black 

Subme- 
tallic 
Adaman- 
tine 

6 

7 

M 
O 

QUARTZ 

SiO2 

Grayish  black 
Brownish  black 

Vitreous 

7 

1 

o 

GARNET 
var.  Melanite 

Silicate  of  Ca,  Fe,  Al, 
and  Ti 

Velvet-black 
Brownish  black 

Vitreous 
Velvety 

•*• 

4 

7.5 

o 

TOURMALINE 

Borosilicate  of  Al,  Fe,  and 
Mg 

Coal-black 

Vitreous 
Very 
glassy 

7 
75 

SPINEL 

(Mg,Fe)Al204 

Grayish  black 

Vitreous 
Dull 

8 

CO 

m 

a 

ULEXITE 

NaCaB5O,+  8H2O 

Snow-white 

Pearly 
Silky 

1 

I  COLOR] 

TALC 

Soapstone 

H2Mg2(Si03)4 

White 
Greenish  white 
Gray 

Pearly 
Gieasy 
Dull 

1 
15 

8 

i 

PYROPHYLLITE 

HAl(Si03)2 

White 
Grayish 
Brownish  gray 

Pearlv 
Greasy 
Dull 

1 
2 

0 
H 

CERARGYRITE 
(Hornsilver) 

AgCl 

Gray 
Brownish  gray 

Resinous 
Waxy 

1 
15 

PS 

SAL  AMMONIAC 

NH4C1 

White 
Gray 
Colorless 

Vitreous 

1.5 
2 

I 

CALCITE 
var.  Chalk 

CaC03 

White 

Earthy 
Dull 

1.5 
2.5 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


57 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure 

Observations. 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

42 

Crystals,  usually 
twinned  and  faces 
deeply  striated 

Crystals  generally  imper- 
fect ;     knee-shaped    twins 
common 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven,  coarse 
Brittle 

68 
7.1 

Massive  ;  granular  ; 
rolled  pebbles; 
twinned  ciystals 

Often  with  quartz,  mica, 
wolframite,  fluorite;  heavy 
black  masses  ' 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  conchoidal 
Brittle 

26 

Crystals;  hexagonal 
prisms  and  pyramids 

Very  dark  smoky  quartz 

Isom. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

38 

Crystals  ;  rhombic 
dodecahedrons 

Uncommon  color 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Very  brittle 

3 
3.2 

Crystals;  long  trig- 
onal- shaped  prisms  ; 
sometimes  divergent 
columnar 

Crystal  faces  usually  stri- 
ated vertically,  and  much 
fractured     horizon  tally; 
often  as  coal-black  crystals 
in  quartz  and  feldspar 

Isom. 

C,  imperfect 
F,  conchoidal 
Brittle 

3.5 
41 

Crystals;  octahe- 
drons 

In     granular     limestone 
often  with  chondrodite 

C,  not  important 
F  fibrous 

16 

Soft  fibrous  masses 

Usually    in    ball    like 
masses  of   fibers 

Mono 

C,  basal,  perfect 
and   prominent 
in  the   foliated 
masses 

28 

Foliated  ;  compact 
massive;  fibrous 

Soft     and     greas\     feel: 
fibers   usually   not  radiate 
like  pyrophyllite 

Mono 

C,  basal  and  prom- 
inent 
Flexible 

2.9 

Fibrous,  radiate; 
foliated;  massive 

Often     in     small  hemi- 
spheres of  radiating  fibers; 
soft  and  greasy  like  talc 

Isom. 

C,  none 
Sectile 

5.5 

Wax-like  crusts; 
horn-like  masses 

Cuts  like  wax;  often  with 
ores  of  silver 

Isom. 

C,  not  important 
Brittle 

1.5 

Crusts;  globular 
masses 

Occurs    on    lava    rock; 
disagreeable  saline  taste 

C,  none 
Brittle 

2.7 

Soft  white  earthy 
masses 

Resembles     white     kao- 
linite,  but  has  no  clay  odor 

58 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

COLOR  WHITE,  GRAY,  OR  COLORLESS. 

GYPSUM 

var.  Selenite 
Alabaster 
Satin-spar 
Common 

CaSO4+2H2O 

Colorless 
White 
Gray 

Pearly 
Vitreous 
Silky 
Dull 

1.5 
2 

KAOLINITE 

(Clay) 

H^AySA 

White 
Gray 
Colorless 

Dull 
Earthy 
Greasy 

2 
2.5 

BAUXITE 

A12O3+3H2O 

White 
Gray 

Earthy 
Dull 

2 
2.5 

SEPIOLITE 
(Meerschaum) 

H4Mg2Si3Ol0 

White 

Earthy 
Dull 

2 
2.5 

BORAX 

Na2B407+H20 

Snow-white 
Colorless 

Earthy 
Dull 
Vitreous 

2 
2.5 

KALINITE 
(Alum) 

A1K(SO4)2+12H2O 

White 
Colorless 

Vitreous 
Icy 

2.5 

EPSOMITE 

MgS04+7H20 

White 

Vitreous 

2 
2.5 

HALITE 

NaCl 

Colorless 
White 
Bluish  white 

Vitreous 

2.5 

BRUCITE 

Mg(OH)2 

White 
Greenish  white 

Pearly 

2.5 

TREMOLITE 

var  Asbestos 
Mountain 
leather 
Mountain 
cork 

CaMg3(Si03)4 

White 
Gray 

Silky 
Pearly 

2 
2.5 

SERPENTINE 
var.  Chrysotile  or 
Asbestos 

H4Mg3Si2Oa 

Greenish  white 

Silky 

2.5 
4 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Mono. 

C,  clinopinacoidal, 
prominent    in 
selenite 
Sectile 

2.3 

Colorless  crystals 
and  cleavage  plates; 
massive  white  ; 
fibrous;  columnar; 
granular 

Soft  and  brittle;  not  so 
pearly  luster  as  brucite, 
and  softer;  compact  trans- 
lucient  masses  common 

Mono. 

C,  basal  in  crystals, 
none  in  massive 
F,  earthy 
Brittle  or  sectile 

2.6 

Compact  massive  ; 
rarely  in  colorless 
flakes 

Rough  feeling;  soapy 
var  has  greasy  feel  ;  strong 
odor  of  clay  when  breathed 
on 

C,  none 
F,  earthy 
Brittle 

2.5 

Compact  massive  ; 
pisolitic 

Distinguished  from  clay 
only  by  pea-shaped  struc- 
ture 

Mono. 

C,   none 
F,  earthy 

2 

Massive  ;  mammil- 
lary  ;  renif  orm  ;  very 
compact 

Very  smooth  feel;  has 
not  the  clay  odor  of  kaolin- 
ite 

Mono. 

C,  orthopinacoidal, 
not  prominent 
Brittle 

1.7 

Crystals;  powder 

Taste  alkaline  :  white 
crystals  often  have  fresh, 
unaltered  glassy  centers 

Isom. 

C,  none 
Brittle 

1.7 

Crystals  ;  o  c  t  a  h  e-- 
drons  ;  mealy  crusts 

Alum  taste 

Orth. 

C,  brachypinacoid- 
al,  prominent 
Brittle 

1.7 

Long  acicular  crys- 
tals; capillary  tufts; 
efflorescences 

Taste  bitter  and  salt; 
often  in  sulphide  mines  as 
efflorescences  on  walls 

Isom. 

C,  cubic,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Brittle 

21 
2.6 

Cubes  ;  massive  ; 
granular 

Salt  taste  ;  sometimes 
with  anhydrite 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  perfect  anc 
prominent 
Flexible 

2.5 

Foliated;  massive 

Resembles  gypsum  but 
has  more  pearl  y  luster; 
often  with  serpentine 

Mono. 

C,  fibrous 
F^  fibrous 
Brittle 

<1 
3 

Fibrous;  asbesti- 
form;  sheets;  cork- 
like  masses 

Occurs  with  tremolite, 
feldspar  quartz;  not  green 
like  chrysotile  when  com- 
pact 

Mono. 

C,  fibrous 
Brittle 

2.6 

Fibrous;  asbesti- 
form 

Narrow  fibious  veins  in 
serpentine  :  fibers  are  green 
in  compact  mass 

60 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE 


03 
03 

s 

tf 

1 

§ 

tf 

< 

g 

H 
2 

1 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

ANDALUSITE 
var.  Chiastolite 

Al2Si05 

Dark  gray 
Blackish  gray 

Vitreous 

2 
4 

MUSCOVITE 

(Mica) 

H2KAl3(Si04)3 

Colorless 
Gray 

Pearly 
Vitreous 

2 
2.5 

LEPIDOLITE 

(Mica; 

(LiK)2Al2(F,OH)2Si308 

Pale  pinkish 
white 
Lavender 
Gray 

Pearly 

2.5 
4 

CRYOLITE 

Na3AlF8 

Pure  white 

Icy 

Vitreous 

2.5 

CALCITE 

var.  Iceland  spar 
Stalactites 
Marble 
Common 

CaCO3 

White 
Gray 
Colorless 

Vitreous 

Glassy 

3 

ANGLESITE 

PbSO4 

Gray 
White 
jColorless 

Adaman- 
tine 
Greasy 
Dull 

3 

CERUSSITE 

PbCO3 

Cream-white 
Gray 

Adaman-    3 
tine           3.5 

BARITE 

BaS04 

White 
Colorless 
Gray 
Yellowish  white 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

2.5 
3.5 

ANHYDRITE 

CaSO4 

White 
Bluish  white 
Reddish  white 
Gray 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

3 
3.5 

CELESTITE 

SrSO4 

Colorless  with 
bluish  tinge 
White 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

3 
3.5 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


61 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

3.2 

Rounded  prisms; 
square  prisms 

Occurs  in  schists  often  as 
knotty  projections;  end 
sections  show  black  squares 
or  crosses 

Mono. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
very  prominent 
Tough 

2.7 
3 

Micaceous;  large 
sheets  ;  foliated; 
flakes;  scales 

Highly  flexible  and  elas- 
tic ;  colorless  in  thin  sheets  ; 
cleavable  in  the  thinnest 
sheets 

Mono, 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Tough 

2.9 

Fine  or  coarse  scaly 
masses;  platy;  mica- 
ceous; foliated 

Compact  scaly  masses 
containing  pink  tourmaline 

Mono. 

C,  basal  and  pina- 
coidal  ;  basal  is 
prominent 

3 

Massive 

S  n  o  w-i  c  e  appearance  ; 
often  with  siderite;  cleav- 
age in  three  directions  al- 
most at  right  angles 

Hex. 

C,  rhomboh  e  d  r  a  1, 
very  perfect 
and  prominent 
Brittle 

2.7 

Crystals;  rhombo- 
hedrons  ;  scalenohe- 
drons;  granular;  stal- 
actitic;  banded,  etc. 

Commonly  assoc  i  a  t  e  d 
with  the  metallic  minerals; 
colorless  variety  is  Iceland 
spar;  calcite  is  apt  to  be 
stained  any  color 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  conchoidal 
Brittle 

6.1 
6.3 

Massive,  often  band- 
ed; crystals 

Occurs  with  galena  as  an 
alteration  product;  crys- 
tals are  colorless;  gray 
masses  often  have  core  of 
galena 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
Very  brittle 

6.5 

Prismatic  crystals; 
massive 

Occurs  similar  to  angle- 
site;  gray  masses  some- 
what porous  or  reticulated 

Orth. 

C,  basal   and   pris- 
matic,    promi- 
nent 

4.3 
4.6 

Crystals  ;  crested 
masses;  granular; 
lamellar;  concretions 
massive 

Often  with  galena  ;  heavy 
white  mineral,  called  heavy 
spar 

Orth. 

C,  pinacoidal, 
prominent 
Brittle 

3 

Massive  ;  granular  ; 
scaly 

Cleavage  in  three  direc- 
tions at  right  angles,  mak- 
ing cube  forms,  occurs 
with  gypsum,  limestone 

Orth. 

C,  basal   and   pris- 
matic ;       basal 
very  prominent 

3.9 

Cleavage  masses; 
crystals 

Often  as  colorless  crystals 
with  native  sulphur 

62 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

M. 

COLOR  WHITE,  GRAY,  OR  COLORLESS. 

WITHERITE 

BaC03 

White 

Vitreous 

3 
3.5 

STRONTIANITE 

SrCO3 

White 
Yellowish  white 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

3 
3.5 

ARAGONITE 

CaC03 

White 
Gray 
Colorless 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

3.5 
4 

DOLOMITE 

(CaMg)COa 

White 
Gray 

Vitreous 

3.5 
4 

SIDERITE 

FeC03 

Brownish  gray 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

3.5 
4 

FLUORITE 

CaF2 

Greenish  white 
White 
Colorless 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

4 

COLEMANITE 

Ca2BeOn+5H2O 

Colorless 
White 
Yellowish  white 

Vitreous 
Very 
glassy 

4 
4.5 

SCHEELITE 

CaW04 

Gray 
Yellowish 

Adaman- 
tine 
Greasy 

4.5 
5 

WOLLASTONITE 

CaSi08 

White 
Gray 

Vitreous 

4.5 
5 

CHABAZITE 

Ca^l.(SiO«)1(SitOa)t 
+  18H2O 

White 
Colorless 
Gray 

Vitreous 

4 
5 

APOPHYLLITE 

H7KCa4(Si03)8+4iH20 

White 
Colorless 
Yellowish 

Vitreous 
Glassy 
Pearly 
on  base 

4.5 
5 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


63 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

4.3 

Columnar;  hexag- 
onal-shaped crystals 
with  striated  faces 

Sometimes  with  galena; 
heavy  snow-white  masses 
common 

Orth. 

C,   prismatic,  some- 
times prominent 
Brittle 

3.7 

Columnar  masses 

Divergent  columnar 
masses  resembling  ara- 
gonite  or  calcite,  but  much 
heavier 

Orth. 

C,  prismatic  but  not 
usually    promi- 
nent 
Brittle 

2.9 

Stalactitic;  banded; 
columnar;  hexagonal- 
shaped  crystals 

Distinguished  from  cal- 
cite by  lack  of  cleavage 
and  by  hardness 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohe  d  r  a  1, 
so  metimes 
prominent 
Brittle 

2.9 

Rhombo  h  e  d  r  o  n  s 
with  curved  faces; 
massive;  granular 

Massive  variety  indis- 
tinguishable from  calcite 
except  somewhat  harder; 
crystals  have  curved  faces 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohe  d  r  a  1, 
very  prominent 
Brittle 

3.8 

Rhombo  h  e  d  r  o  n  s 
with  curved  faces  ; 
saddle-shaped  masses; 
compact;  massive 

Darker  and  heavier  than 
dolomite  ;  often  as  rhombo- 
hedrons  in  cryolite 

Isom. 

C,  octahedral,  very 
prominent 
Brittle 

3 
3.2 

Cubes  ;  octahedrons  ; 
massive;  granular 

Often  with  magnetite, 
pyrite,  calcite;  sometimes 
very  compact  granular 

Mono. 

C,  clinopinacoid  a  1, 
very  prominent 
Brittle 

2.4 

Crystals;  massive 

Cleaves  into  thin  brittle 
plates 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

5.9 
6.1 

Crystals;  pyramids; 
massive 

Often  with  cassiterite, 
wolframite,  purple  fluorite  ; 
very  heavy 

Mono. 

C,  orthopinacoidal, 
not  prominent 
Brittle 

2.9 

Fibrous;  columnar 

Parallel,  or  reticulated, 
fibrous  masses;  often  in 
marble;  resembles  tremo- 
lite 

Hex. 

(1  not  prominent 
Brittle 

2.1 

Crystals,  almost 
cubic  in  shape 

Usually  in  cavities  of 
lava  rock  with  stilbite, 
heulandite,  natrolite 

Tetrag. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Brittle 

2.4 

Crystals;  short 
prisms  with  base;  also 
pointed  pyramids 

Basal  cleavage  has  very 
pearly  luster,  prismatic 
faces  glassy  and  vertically 
striated 

64 


STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

COLOR  WHITE,  GRAY  OR  COLORLESS. 

CALAMINE 

H^n^iO, 

Colorless 
White 
Gray 

Vitreous 

4.5 
5 

MAGNESITE 

MgC03 

Snow-white 
Gray 

Vitreous 
Dull 

3.5 
4.5 

SMITHSONITE 

ZnCO3 

Bluish  gray 
Yellowish  gray 

Vitreous 

5 

APATITE 

(CaF)Ca3(P04)3 

Colorless 
Gray 

Vitreous 

Greasy 

5 

PECTOLITE 

HNaCa2(SiO3)3 

White 

Silky 
Vitreous 

5 

NATROLITE 

H4NaAl2(Si04)3 

White 
Colorless 

Vitreous 
Silky 

5 
5.5 

DATOLITE 

H4Ca(BO)SiO4 

Colorless 
White 

Vitreous 
Glassy 

5 
5.5 

ANALCITE 

Na2Al2(Si03)4.2H20 

Colorless 
White 

Vitreous 

Glassy 

5 
5.5 

OPAL 

SiO2-fnH2O 

Gray 
White 

Waxy 
Vitreous 

5.5 
6.5 

SCAPOLITE 

WERNERITB 

Silicate  of  Ca,  Al,  Na, 
andCl 

Gray 
Greenish  gray 
White 

Vitreous 
Silky 

5.5 
6 

LEUCITE 

KAl(Si03)2      . 

Gray 
White 

Vitreous 

5.5 
6 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


65 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Orth. 

C,    prismatic     and 
prominent 
Brittle 

3.5 

Drusy  coatings  and 
crusts;  small  crystals 

Often  on  yellowish  brown 
earthy  masses,  in  small 
drusy  crystallizations 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohedral  in 
crystals 
F,  conchoidal    and 
prominent 

3.1 

Crystals  rare;  mas- 
sive, impalpable 

Very  compact  tough 
white  masses  with  soiled 
surfaces;  are  apparently 
very  hard 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohe  d  r  a  1, 
but  not  usually 
prominent 
Brittle 

4.3 
4.5 

Botryoidal  crusts  ; 
drusy  crusts 

Often  with  sphalerite  or 
calamine 

Hex. 

C,  basal,  not  prom- 
inent 
Brittle 

3.2 

Crystals;  massive 

Common  white  phosphate 
rock;  crystals  are  color- 
less, green  or  brown  usu- 
ally 

Mono. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle  to  tough 

2.7 

Fibrous;  divergent, 
radiate,  reticulated 

Long  white  fibers  diver- 
gent to  sharp  points;  also 
compact  fibrous 

Orth. 

C,  prismatic,  prom- 
inent in  coarse 
varieties 
Brittle 

2.2 

Acicular;  coarse; 
columnar;  fibrous 

Often  with  stilbite,  apo- 
phyllite,  analcite,  chaba- 
zite,  in  cavities  of  lava 
rock 

Mono. 

C,  none 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

3 

Crystals  ;  massive  ; 
granular  to  compact 

Small  glassy  crystals  with 
slight  greenish  tint  on  lava 
rock;  massive  white 

Isom. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

2.2 

Crystals;  icosatetra- 
hedrons  or  cubes 

Often  in  cavities  of  lava 
with  apophyllite,  natrolite, 
chabazite,  prehnite,  dato- 
lite 

Amorph. 

C,  none 
F,    conchoidal    and 
very  prominent 

1.9 
2.3 

Massive  ;  colloidal  ; 
blebby;  globular 

Wood  opal;  common 
opal 

Tetrag. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

2.5 

2.8 

Square  prisms  with 
low  pyramidal  ends; 
massive 

Crystals  usually  have 
rough,  uneven  faces  ;  often 
in  crystalline  limestone 

Tetrag. 

C,  imperfect 
F,  conchoidal 
Brittle 

2.5 

Crystals;  trapezo- 
hedrons 

Always  in  crystals;  oc- 
curs in  volcanic  rocks  with 
nephelite,  sodalite 

STREAK  UNOOLORED,  WHITE, 


Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 
5.5 

COLOR  WHITE,  GRAY,  OR  COLORLESS. 

ENSTATITE 

MgSiO3 

Greenish  gray 
i 

Pearly 
Vitreous 

PYROXENE 

DlOPSIDE 

CaMg(Si03)2 

Colorless 
Yellowish  white 
Greenish  white 

Glassy 
Vitreo.us 

6 
6.5 

TREMOLITE 

CaMg3(Si03)4 

White 
Gray 

Silky 
Pearly 
Vitreous 

5 
6 

NEPHELITE 
EL^OLITE 

NaAlSiO4 

Greenish  gray 
Brownish  gray 

Greasy 
Vitreous 

5.5 
6 

AMBLYGONITE 

Li(Al,F)PO4 

White 

Vitreous 

6 

FELDSPARS 

ORTHOCLASE 

KAlSi308 

White 
Gray 
Colorless 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

6 
6.5 

MICROCLINE 

KAlSi3O8 

White 
Gray 
Yellowish 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

6 
6.5 

ALBITE 

NaAlSi3O8 

White 
Colorless 
Gray 

Glassy 
Vitreous 

6 
6.5 

OLIGOCLASE 

NaAlSi3O8+CaAl2Si2O8 

Colorless 
White 

Vitreous 

Glassy 

6 
6.5 

LABRADOR- 
ITE 

CaAl2Si2O8+NaAlSi3O8 

Dark  gray 
Grayish  white 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

5 
6 

ANORTHITE 

CaAl^Q, 

White 
Gray 

Vitreous 

6 
6.5 

OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


67 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Orth. 

C,     prismatic    and 
pinacoidal, 
prominent 
Brittle 

3.1 
3.3 

Columnar,  divergent 
masses;  lamellar 

Often  soft  owing  to  altei*- 
ation  to  serpentine  ;  cleav- 
age faces  quite  pearly  or 
silky  in  luster 

Mono. 

C,    prismatic,     not 
prominent 
Brittle 

3.3 

Crystals,     almost 
square  or  rounded 

Often  with  blue  calcite, 
brown  tourmaline 

Mono. 

C,  prismatic,  prom- 
inent 
Cleavage  angle  124° 

2.9 
3.1 

Columnar;    fibrous; 
prismatic  crystals 

Often  as  crystals  in  dolo- 
mitic  limestone  or  marble; 
also  as  compact  fibrous 

masses 

Hex. 

C,  not  prominent 
Brittle 

2.6 

Massive  ;  sometimes 
hexagonal  prisms 

Often  with  sodalite,  al- 
bite,  leucite;  greasy  luster 
characteristic 

Trie. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Brittle 

3 

Compact  massive 

Often  with  lepidolite, 
tourmaline 

Mono. 

C,  basal  and  clino- 
pinacoidal, 
prominent 
Brittle 

2.4 
2.6 

Crystals  ;     massive  ; 
cleavage  pieces 

Two  cleavages  at  right 
angles;  common  in  granitic 
rocks  with  mica,  horn- 
blende, and  quartz 

Trie. 

C,  basal  and  brachy- 
pinacoi  d  a  1, 
prominent 

2.5 

Crystals;   massive 

Usually  has  fine  cross- 
veined  structure  on  the 
basal  plane 

Trie. 

C,  basal  and  brachy- 
pinacoidal,   not 
so  prominent 

2.6 

Small    crystals; 
twinned  crystals; 
platy  masses 

Fine  parallel  striations  or 
reentrant  angles  on  the  base 
due  to  twinning 

Trie. 

C,  basal  andlbrachy- 
pinacoidal,  not 
so  prominent 

2.6 

Crystals;  massive 

Fine  parallel  striations  on 
the  basal  cleavage  due  to 
twinning 

Trie. 

C,  basal  and  brachy- 
pinacoidal, 
prominent 

2.7 

Massive;     cleavage 
pieces 

Fine  striations  on  basal 
cleavage  due  to  twinning; 
usually  shows  a  beautiful 
play  of  colors;  blue,  green, 
gold,  etc. 

Trie. 

C,  basal,  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

2.7 

Crystals;  prismatic 

Occurs  in  volcanic  lavas; 
not  so  common  as  the  other 
feldspars 

STREAK  UNCOLORED,  WHITE, 


I  COLOR^renTE,  GRAY  OR  COLORLESS. 

Name. 

Composition. 

Color. 

Luster. 

H. 

ZoiSITE 

Ca-jAl^AlOHXSiO^a 

Grayish  white 
Greenish  gray 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

6 
6.5 

SPODUMENE 

LiAl(Si03)2 

Gray 
White 

Vitreous 
Pearly 

6.5 

7 

DIASPORE 

AIO(OH) 

Lavender-gray 
Grayish  white 
Cream  white 

Pearly 
Vitreous 
Adaman- 
tine 

6.5 

7 

QUARTZ 
var.  Rock  crystal 
Milky    ' 
Smoky 
Common 

SiO2 

Colorless 
White 
Smoky  gray 

Vitreous 
Greasy 

7 

CHALCEDONY 
var.  Agate 
Chert 
Flint 
Hornstone 
Siliceous 
sinter 

SiO2 

Gray 
White 

Waxy 
Vitreous 

7 

ANDALUSITE 

(CHIASTOLITE) 

Al2SiO6 

Gray 
Reddish  gray 

Vitreous 

7.5 

LAWSONITE 

H4CaAl2Si2O10 

Bluish  white 
Gray 

Vitreous 

7.5 

8 

ZIRCON 

ZrSiO4 

Brownish  gray 
Lavender-gray 
Colorless 

Vitreous' 
Pearly 

7.5 

8 

TOPAZ 

AWF,OH)£i04 

White 
Colorless 

Vitreous 

Glassy 

8 

CORUNDUM 

A1203 

Gray 
Bluish  gray 
Greenish  gray 

Vitreous 

9 

DIAMOND 

C 

Colorless 
Gray 
Yellowish 

Adaman- 
tine 

10 

o  • 


OR  LIGHT  GRAY. 


System. 

Cleavage  or  Fracture. 

G. 

Common  Structure. 

Observations. 

Orth. 

C,  brachypinacoid- 
al  prominent 
Brittle 

3.3 

Columnar;  fibrous; 
prismatic 

Columns  deeply  striated 
vertically,  and  broken 
transversely 

Mono. 

C,  prismatic    often 
prominent 
Brittle 

3.2 

Large  crystals  and 
broad  cleavage  plates 
lamellar 

Often  parts  in  broad 
lamellar  masses 

Orth. 

C,    brachypinacoid 
al  ;    prominent 
Brittle 

3.3 
3.5 

Bladed;  foliated 

Often  as  veins  in  chlorite 
with  margarite,  corundum; 
very  pearly  to  adamantine 
luster 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F,   conchoidal    and' 
prominent 
Brittle 

2.6 

Hexagonal  prisms 
and  pyramids;  mas- 
sive; granular;  sand; 
pebbles 

Commonest  mineral;  oc- 
curs in  most  crystalline 
rocks  as  a  constituent;  con- 
choidal fracture  is  charac- 
teristic 

Hex. 

C,  none 
F  conchoidal    and 
prominent 
Brittle  to  tough 

2.6 

Geodal;  botryoidal; 
mammillary;  banded; 
concretionary;  mas- 
sive 

Not  glassy  like  quartz; 
cryptocrystalline  in  struc- 
ture ;  banded  varieties 
classed  as  agates;  geodes 
often  have  quartz  centers 

Orth. 

C,  not  prominent 
F,  uneven 
Brittle 

3.2 

Almost    square 
prisms    with    broken 
ends 

End  sections  of  chiasto- 
lite  show  black  crosses  or 
squares  due  to  inclusions 

Orth. 

C,  brachypinacoid- 
al  ;    prominent 
Brittle 

3.1 

Crystals;  lenticular 
plates 

Often  with  margarite, 
actinolite,  chlorite;  resem- 
bles corundum 

Tetrag. 

C,  none 
Brittle 

4.7 

Crystals;  prisms 
and  pyramids 

Occurs  in  granites  and 
syenites;  loose  crystals  in 
gold  sands 

Orth. 

C,  basal,  perfect  and 
prominent 
Brittle 

3.4 
3.6 

Crystals;  white 
massive 

Massive  white  distin- 
guished from  white  quartz 
by  presence  of  cleavage 
faces 

Hex. 

C,  rhombohedral, 
prominent 
Tough 

3.9 
4.1 

Massive  ;     barrel- 
shaped  crystals 

Often  with  chlorite,  mar- 
garite. magnetite;  massive- 
has  usually  fine  parallel 
parting  striations 

Isom. 

C,  octahedral,    not 
prominent 
Brttle 

3.5 

Small  rounded  octa- 
hedral-shaped crvs- 
tals 

Occurs  in  dark  bluish- 
green  igneous  rock 

INDEX. 


Actinolite 48,  50 

Agate 36,  42,  68 

Alabandite 28 

Alabaster 58 

Albite 66 

Allanite , 36,  54 

Almandite 38,  42 

Alum . 58 

Amblygonite 66 

Amethyst  42 

Amphibole 34,  50 

Analcite 64 

Andalusite 42,  60,  68 

Andradite 38,  42 

Anglesite 60 

Anhydrite , 60 

Annabergite 26 

Anorthite 66 

Anthophyllite 34 

Antimony 12,  16 

Apatite 32,  50,  64 

Apophyllite 40,  62 

Aquamarine 54 

Aragonite 32,  62 

Argentite 10 

Arsenic 12,  16 

Arsenopyrite 14 

Asbestos 48,  58 

Augite 28,  34,  50,  54 

Axinite 36 

Azurite 26 

Barite 30,44,  48,  60 

Bauxite 18,  24,  28,  58 

Beryl 38,  46,  54 

Biotite 30,  48,  54 

Bismuth 16 

Borax 58 

Bornite 14 

Bronzite 34 


Brookite 24,54 

Brucite 58 

Calamine 32,44,  50,  64 

Calaverite 16 

Calcite 30,  38,  44,  54,  56,  60 

Carnelian 42 

Cassiterite. . . 22,  26,  36,  56 

Celestite 44,  60 

Cerargyrite 28,  56 

Cerussite 30,  60 

Chabazite 40,  62 

Chalcanthite 44,  48 

Chalcedony 36,  42,  46,  52,  68 

Chalcocite 10 

Chalcopyrite 14 

Chalk 56 

Chert 68 

Chiastolite 60,  68 

Chloanthite 14 

Chlorite 26,  30,  48 

Chloritoid 52 

Chondrodite  .....*. 36,  42 

Chromite 20,  24 

Chrysoberyl 54 

Chrysocolla 26,  44,  48 

Chrysolite 52 

Chrysoprase 52 

Chrysotile 48,  58 

Cinnabar 18 

Clay 28,  58 

Clinochlore 26,  30,48 

Cobaltite 14 

Colemanite 62 

Columbite 12,  22 

Copper. 18 

Cordierite 46 

Corundum 44,  46,  54,  68 

Cryolite  30,  60 

Cuprite 18 

71 


72 


INDEX. 


Cyanite 46,  50 

Datolite 64 

Diamond 68 

Diaspore 68 

Diopside 50,  66 

Dolomite 32,  40,  54,  62 

Elseolite 36.  52,  66 

Emerald .     54 

Enargite 10,  14 

Enstatite 34,  50,  66 

Epidote 26,  36,  52 

Epsomite 58 

Erythrite 18 

Bssonite 42 

Famatinite 14 

Feldspar 52,  66 

Fibrolite 36 

Flint 36,  68 

Fluorite 32,  40,  44,  48,  54,  6'3 

Franklinite 12,  20 

Galenite 10,  12 

Garnet  38,  42,  52,  56 

Garnierite. 48 

Glaucophane 28 

Gold 22 

Gothite  or  Goethite 24 

Graphite 10 

Grossularite 38,  42 

Gypsum 28,  38,  58 

Halite 30,  58 

Hematite 18,  20 

Heulandite 40 

Hornblende 28,  34,  50,  54 

Hornsilver 56 

Hornstone 68 

Hypersthene 34 

Iceland  spar 60 

Ilmenite 12,  20 

lolite 46 

Iron ]  2 

Jadeite 52 

Jamesonite. . 10 

Jasper 36,  42,  52 

Kaliuite 58 

Kaolinite 28,  58 


PAGE 

Labradorite 66 

Lapis  Lazuli 28,  44 

Lazulite 44 

Lazurite 28,  44 

Lawsonite 68 

Lepidolite 38,  60 

Leucite 64 

Limestone 54 

Limonite 22,  24 

Linarite 26 

Magnesite 32,  64 

Magnetite 12 

Malachite 26 

Manganite 20 

Marble 60 

Marcasite 14,  16 

Margarite 40 

Meerschaum 58 

Melanite      56 

Menaccanite 12 

Mercury -.     16 

Mica 60 

Microcline 52,  66 

Millerite 14 

Mimetite 30 

Molybdenite 10,  16 

Monazite 34 

Mountain  cork 58 

Mountain  leather 58 

Muscovite 48,  60 

Natrolite 64 

Nephelite 36,52,  66 

Niccolite 16 

Oligoclase 66 

Olivine 52 

Opal 34,  40,  46,  50,  64 

Orpiment 22 

Orthoclase 36,  42,  66 

Pectolite ' 64 

Penninite 30 

Phlogopite 30 

Plasma 52 

Platiniridium 16 

Platinum 16 

Prehnite \ 52 

Prochlorite 26,  30,  48 

Proustite  18 

Psilomelane 12.  20 


INDEX. 


73 


Pyrargyrite 20 

Pyrite , 16 

Pyrolusite 10 

Pyromorphite 24,  26,  30,  48 

Pyrope 38,  42 

Pyrophyllite 56 

Pyroxene 34,  50,  66 

Pyrrhotite 14 

Quartz 36,  42,  46,  52,  56,  68 

Realgar 22 

Rhodochrosite 40 

Rhodonite 40 

Rutile 24,  36,  42,  56 

Sal  Ammoniac 56 

Satin  Spar 58 

Scapolite 40,  64 

Scbeelite 32,  62 

Selenite 58 

Sepiolite 58 

Serpentine 30,  48,  58 

Siderite 24,  32,  62 

Siliceous  Sinter 68 

Sillimanite. 36 

Silver 16 

Smaltite 14 

Smithsonite 32,  50,  64 

Soapstone 56 

Sodalite 46 

Spessartite 38,  42 

Sphalerite 18,  20,  22,  24,  32,  40 

Spinel 42,  56 

Spodumene 68 

Stalactite 60 

Staurolite 38,  42 

Stephanite 10 


Stibnite 10,  12 

Stilbite 32 

Strontianite 62 

Sulphur 22,  28 

Sylvanite 16 

Talc 46,  56 

Tennantite 12 

Tetrahedrite.. 12,  20 

Thulite 42 

Titanite 34 

Topaz 38,  44,  46,  54,  68 

Tourmaline 38,  42,  52,  56 

Tremolite 34,  58,  66 

Troostite 34 

Turgite 18 

Turquoise 46,  50 

Ulexite 56 

Uvarovite 52 

Vanadinite 38 

Variscite 50 

Vesuvianite 38,  52 

Vivianite 26,  44,  46 

Wad 18 

Wavellite 48 

Wernerite 40,  64 

Willemite 34,  50 

Witherite 62 

Wolframite 20 

Wollastonite 62 

Wulfenite 30,  38 

Zincite 22 

Zircon 38,  68 

Zoisite 36,  42,  68 


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*  McKay  and  Larsen's  Principles  and  Practice  of  Butter-making" 8vo,  i  50 

Mandel's  Handbook  for  Bio-chemical  Laboratory I2mo,  i  50 

*  Martin's  Laboratory  Guide  to  Qualitative  Analysis  with  the  Blowpipe .  .  i2mo,  60 
Mason's  Water-supply.     (Considered  Principally  from  a  Sanitary  Standpoint.) 

3d  Edition,  Rewritten 8vo,  4  oo 

Examination  of  Water.     (Chemical  and  Bacteriological.) I2mo,  i  25 

Matthew's  The  Textile  Fibres 8vo,  3  50 

Meyer's  Determination  of  Radicles  in  Carbon  Compounds.     (Tingle.).  .i2mo,  i  oo 

Miller's  Manual  of  Assaying i2mo,  i  oo 

Minet's  Production  of  Aluminum  and  its  Industrial  Use.     (Waldo.) ....  i2mo,  2  50 

Mixter's  Elementary  Text-book  of  Chemistry I2mo,  i  50 

4 


Morgan's  An  Outline  of  the  Theory  of  Solutions  and  its  Results i2me,  i  oo 

Elements  of  Physical  Chemistry I2mo,  3  oo 

*  Physical  Chemistry  for  Electrical  Engineers .  i2mo,  i  50 

Morse's  Calculations  used  in  Cane-sugar  Factories i6mo,  morocco,  i  50 

Mulliken's  General  Method  for  the  Identification  of  Pure  Organic  Compounds. 

Vol.  I Large  8vo,  5  oo 

O'Brine's  Laboratory  Guide  in  Chemical  Analysis 8vo,  2  oo 

O'Driscoll's  Notes  on  the  Treatment  of  Gold  Ores 8vo,  2  oo 

Ostwald's  Conversations  on  Chemistry.     Part  One.     (Ramsey.) i2mo,  i  50 

"                   "               "           "             Part  Two.     (Turnbull.) i2mo,  2  oo 

*  PenfieJd's  Notes  on  Determinative  Mineralogy  and  Record  of  Mineral  Tests. 

8vo,  paper,  50 

Pictet's  The  Alkaloids  and  their  Chemical  Constitution.     (Biddle.) 8vo,  5  oo 

Pinner's  Introduction  to  Organic  Chemistry.     (Austen.) I2mo,  i  50 

Poole's  Calorific  Power  of  Fuels 8vo,  3  oo 

Prescott  and  Winslow's  Elements  of  Water  Bacteriology,  with  Special  Refer- 
ence to  Sanitary  Water  Analysis i2mo,  i  25 

*  Reisig's  Guide  to  Piece-dyeing 8vo,  25  oo 

Richards  and  Woodman's  Air.Water,  and  Food  from  a  Sanitary  Standpoint.  .8vo,  2  oo 
Ricketts  and  Russell's  Skeleton  Notes  upon  Inorganic  Chemistry.     (Part  I. 

Non-metallic  Elements.) 8vo,  morocco,  75 

Ricketts  and  Miller's  Notes  on  Assaying .,.'..  .8vo,  3  oo 

Rideal's  Sewage  and  the  Bacterial  Purification  of  Sewage 8vo,  3  50 

Disinfection  and  the  Preservation  of  Food 8vo,  4  oo 

Riggs's  Elementary  Manual  for  the  Chemical  Laboratory 8vo,  i  25 

Robine  and  Lenglen's  Cyanide  Industry.     (Le  Clerc.). 8vo,  4  oo 

Rostoski's  Serum  Diagnosis.     (Bolduan.) I2mo,  i  oo 

Ruddiman's  Incompatibilities  in  Prescriptions 8vo,  2  oo 

*  Whys  in  Pharmacy i2mo,  i  oo 

Sabin's  Industrial  and  Artistic  Technology  of  Paints  and  Varnish 8vo,  3  oo 

Salkowski's  Physiological  and  Pathological  Chemistry.     (Orndorff.) 8vo,  2  50 

Schimpf's  Text-book  of  Volumetric  Analysis i2mo,  2  50 

Essentials  of  Volumetric  Analysis i2mo,  i  25 

*  Qualitative  Chemical  Analysis 8vo,  i  25 

Smith's  Lecture  Notes  on  Chemistry  for  Dental  Students 8vo,  2  50 

Spencer's  Handbook  for  Chemists  of  Beet-sugar  Houses i6mo,  morocco.  3  oo 

Handbook  for  Cane  Sugar  Manufacturers i6mo,  morocco,  3  oo 

Stockbridge's  Rocks  and  Soils.    • 8vo,  2  50 

*  Tillman's  Elementary  Lessons  in  Heat !  . .  .  8vo,  i  50 

*  Descriptive  General  Chemistry.     8vo,  3  oo 

Treadwell's  Qualitative  Analysis.     (Hall.) 8vo,  3  oo 

Quantitative  Analysis.     (Hall.) 8vo,  4  oo 

Turneaure  and  Russell's  Public  Water-supplies 8vo,  5  oo 

Van  Deventer's  Physical  Chemistry  for  Beginners.     (Boltwood.) i2mo,  i  50 

*  Walke's  Lectures  on  Explosives 8vo,  4  oo 

Ware's  Beet-sugar  Manufacture  and  Refining Small  8vo,  cloth,  4  oo 

Washington's  Manual  of  the  Chemical  Analysis  of  Rocks 8vo,  2  oo 

Wassermann's  Immune  Sera :  Haemolysins,  Cytotoxins,  and  Precipitins.    (Bol- 
duan.)   i2mo,  i  oo 

Wehrenfennig's  Analysis  and  Softening  of  Boiler  Feed-Water . .  .  . » 8vo,  4  oo 

Wells's  Laboratory  Guide  in  Qualitative  Chemical  Analysis 8vo,  i  50 

Short  Course  in  Inorganic  Qualitative  Chemical  Analysis  for  Engineering 

Students i2mo,  50 

Text-book  of  Chemical  Arithmetic / I2mo,  25 

Whipple's  Microscopy  of  Drinking-water 8vo,  50 

Wilson's  Cyanide  Processes I2mo,  50 

Chlorination  Process I2mo,  50 

Winton's  Microscopy  of  Vegetable  Foods 8vo,  50 

Wulling's    Elementary    Course    in  Inorganic,  Pharmaceutical,  and  Medical 

Chemistry * lamo,  a  oo 

5 


CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 

BRIDGES    AND    ROOFS.       HYDRAULICS.       MATERIALS   OF    ENGINEERING. 
RAILWAY  ENGINEERING. 

Baker's  Engineers'  Surveying  Instruments ....  i2mo,  3  oo 

Bixby's  Graphical  Computing  Table Paper  19^X24}  inches.  25 

**  Burr's  Ancient  and  Modern  Engineering  and  the  Isthmian  Cana ..     (Postage, 

27  cents  additional.) 8vo,  3  50 

Comstock's  Field  Astronomy  for  Engineers 8vo,  2  50 

Davis's  Elevation  and  Stadia  Tables 8vo,  i  oo 

Elliott's  Engineering  for  Land  Drainage i2mo,  i  50 

Practical  Farm  Drainage i2mo,  i  oo 

*Fiebeger's  Treatise  on  Civil  Engineering 8vo,  5  oo 

Flemer's  Phototopographlc  Methods  and  Instruments 8vo,  5  oo 

Folwell's  Sewerage.     (Designing  and  Maintenance.) 8vo,  3  oo 

Freitag's  Architectural  Engineering.     2d  Edition,  Rewritten 8vo,  3  50 

French  and  Ives's  Stereotomy 8vo,  2  50 

Goodhue's  Municipal  Improvements i2mo,  i  75 

Goodrich's  Economic  Disposal  of  Towns'  Refuse 8vo,  3  50 

Gore's  Elements  of  Geodesy 8vo,  2  50 

Hayford's  Text-book  of  Geodetic  Astronomy 8vo,  3  oo 

Bering's  Ready  Reference  Tables  (Conversion  Factors) i6mo,  morocco,  2  50 

Howe's  Retaining  Walls  for  Earth i2mo,  i  25 

*  Ives's  Adjustments  of  the  Engineer's  Transit  and  Level i6mo,  Bds.  25 

Johnson's  (J.  B.)  Theory  and  Practice  of  Surveying Small  8vo,  4  oo 

Johnson's  (L.  J.)  Statics  by  Algebraic  and  Graphic  Methods 8vo,  2  oo 

Laplace's  Philosophical  Essay  on  Probabilities.    (Truscott  and  Emory.) .  i2mo,  2  oo 

Mahan's  Treatise  on  Civil  Engineering.     (1873.)     (Wood.) 8vo,  5  oo 

*  Descriptive  Geometry 8vo  i  50 

Merriman's  Elements  of  Precise  Surveying  and  Geodesy 8vo,  2  50 

Merriman  and  Brooks's  Handbook  for  Surveyors i6mo,  morocco,  2  oo 

Nugent's  Plane  Surveying 8vo,  3  50 

Og-den's  Sewer  Design i2mo,  2  oo 

Parsons's  Disposal  of  Municipal  Refuse 8vo,  2  oo 

Patton's  Treatise  on  Civil  Engineering 8vo  half  leather,  7  50 

Reed's  Topographical  Drawing  and  Sketching 4to,  5  oo 

Rideal's  Sewage  and  the  Bacterial  Purification  of  Sewage 8vo,  3  50 

Siebert  and  Biggin's  Modern  Stone-cutting  and  Masonry 8vo,  i  50 

Smith's  Manual  of  Topographical  Drawing.     (McMillan.1) 8vo,  2  50 

Sondericker's  Graphic  Statics,  with  Applications  to  Trusses,  Beams,  and  Arches. 

8vo,  2  oo 

Taylor  and  Thompson's  Treatise  on  Concrete,  Plain  and  Reinforced 8vo,  5  oo 

*  Trautwine's  Civil  Engineer's  Pocket-book i6mo,  morocco,  5  oo 

Venable's  Garbage  Crematories  in  America 8vo,  2  oo 

Wait's  Engineering  and  Architectural  Jurisprudence 8vo,  6  oo 

Sheep,  6  50 

Law  of  Operations  Preliminary  to  Construction  in  Engineering  and  Archi- 
tecture  8vo,  5  oo 

Sheep,  5  50 

Law  of  Contracts 8vo,  3  oo 

Warren's  Stereotomy — Problems  in  Stone-cutting 8vo,  2  50 

Webb's  Problems  in  the  Use  and  Adjustment  of  Engineering  Instruments. 

i6mo,  morocco,  i  25 

Wilson's  Topographic  Surveying.". 8vo,  3  5<> 

BRIDGES  AND  ROOFS. 

Boiler 'L  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Construction  of  Iron  Highway  Bridges.  .8vo,  2  oo 

*  Thames  River  Bridge 4tp,  paper,  5  oo 

6 


Burr's  Course  on  the  Stresses  in  Bridges  and  Roof  Trusses,  Arched  Ribs,  and 

Suspension  Bridges •. 8vo,    3  50 

Burr  and  Falk's  Influence  Lines  for  Bridge  and  Roof  Computations.  . .  .8vo,    3  oo 

Design  and  Construction  of  Metallic  Bridges 8vo,    5  oo 

Du  Bois's  Mechanics  of  Engineering.     Vol.  II Small  4to,  10  oo 

Foster's  Treatise  on  Wooden  Trestle  Bridges 4to,    5  oo 

Fowler's  Ordinary  Foundations 8vo,    3  50 

Greene's  Roof  Trusses 8vo,     i  25 

Bridge  Trusses 8vo,    2  50 

Arches  in  Wood,  Iron,  and  Stone 8vo,    2  50 

Howe's  Treatise  on  Arches 8vo,    4  oo 

Design  of  Simple  Roof- trusses  in  Wood  and  Steel 8vo,    2  oo 

Johnson,  Bryan,  and  Turneaure's  Theory  and  Practice  in  the  Designing  of 

Modern  Framed  Structures Small  4to,    10  oo 

Merriman  and  Jacoby's  Text-book  on  Roofs  and  Bridges: 

Part  I.     Stresses  in  Simple  Trusses 8vo,    2  50 

Part  II.     Graphic  Statics 8vo,    2  50 

Part  III.     Bridge  Design 8vo,     2  50 

Part  IV.     Higher  Structures 8vo,    2  50- 

Morison's  Memphis  Bridge 4to,  10  oo 

Waddeli's  De  Pontibus,  a  Pocket-book  for  Bridge  Engineers.  .  i6mo,  morocco,    2  oo 

*  Specifications  for  Steel  Bridges i2mo,        50 

Wright's  Designing  of  Draw-spans.     Two  parts  in  one  volume 8vo,  ^3  50 


HYDRAULICS. 

Bazin's  Experiments  upon  the  Contraction  of  the  Liquid  Vein  Issuing  from 

an  Orifice.     (Trautwine.) 8vo,  2  oo 

Bovey's  Treatise  on  Hydraulics 8vo,  5  oo 

Church's  Mechanics  of  Engineering 8vo,  6  oo 

Diagrams  of  Mean  Velocity  of  Water  in  Open  Channels. paper,  i  50 

Hydraulic  Motors 8vo,  2  oo 

Coffin's  Graphical  Solution  of  Hydraulic  Problems i6mo,  morocco,  2  50 

Flather's  Dynamometers,  and  the  Measurement  of  Power i2mo,  3  oo 

Folwell's  Water-supply  Engineering 8vo,  4  oo 

Frizell's  Water-power 8vo,  5  oo 

Fuertes's  Water  and  Public  Health i2mo,  i  50 

Water-filtration  Works 12010,  2  50 

Ganguillet  and  Kutter's  General  Formula  for  the  Uniform  Flow  of  Water  in 

Rivers  and  Other  Channels.     (Bering  and  Trautwine.) 8vo,  4  oo 

Hazen's  Filtration  of  Public  Water-supply 8vo,  3  oo 

Hazlehurst's  Towers  and  Tanks  for  Water-works 8vo,  2  50 

Herschel's  115  Experiments  on  the  Carrying  Capacity  of  Large,  Riveted,  Metal 

Conduits 8vo,  2  oo 

Mason's  Water-supply.     (Considered  Principally  from  a  Sanitary  Standpoint.) 

8vo,  4  oo 

Merriman's  Treatise  on  Hydraulics 8vo,  5  oo 

*  Michie's  Elements  of  Analytical  Mechanic* .8vo,  4  oo 

Schuyler's   Reservoirs   for   Irrigation,   Watei -power,   and   Domestic   Water- 

t       supply Large  8vo,  5  oo 

**  Thomas  and  Watt's  Improvement  of  Rivers.     (Post.,  440.  additional. ).4to,  6  oo 

Turneaure  and  Russell's  Public  Water-supplies 8vo,  5  oo 

Wegmann's  Design  and  Construction  of  Dams 4to,  5  oo 

Water-supply  of  the  City  of  New  York  from  1658  to  1895 4to,  10  oo 

Williams  and  Hazen's  Hydraulic  Tables 8vo,  i  50 

Wilson's  Irrigation  Engineering Small  8vo,  4  oo 

Wolff's  Windmill  as  a  Prime  Mover ' 8vo,  3  oo 

Wood's  Turbines 8vo,  2  50 

Elements  of  Analytical  Mechanics 8vo,  3  oo 

7 


MATERIALS  OF  ENGINEERING. 

Baker's  Treatise  on  Masonry  Construction 8vo,  5  oo 

Roads  and  Pavements 8vo,  5  oo 

Black's  United  States  Public  Works Oblong  4to,  5  oo 

*  Bovey's  Strength  of  Materials  and  Theory  of  Structures 8vo,  7  50 

Burr's  Elasticity  and  Resistance  of  the  Materials  of  Engineering 8vo,  7  50 

Byrne's  Highway  Construction 8vo,  5  oo 

Inspection  of  the  Materials  and  Workmanship  Employed  in  Construction. 

i6mo,  3  oo 

Church's  Mechanics  of  Engineering 8vo,  6  oo 

Du  Bois's  Mechanics  of  Engineering.     Vol.  I Small  4to,  7  50 

*Eckei's  Cements,  Limes,  and  Plasters. 8vo,  6  oo 

Johnson's  Materials  of  Construction Large  8vo,  6  oo 

Fowler's  Ordinary  Foundations 8vo,  3  50 

*  Greene's  Structural  Mechanics 8vo,  2  50 

Keep's  Cast  Iron 8vo,  2  50 

Lanza's  Applied  Mechanics 8vo,  7  50 

Marten's  Handbook  on  Testing  Materials.     (Henning.)     2  vols 8vo,  7  50 

Maurer's  Technical  Mechanics 8vo,  4  oo 

Merrill's  Stones  for  Building  and  Decoration 8vo,  5  oo 

Merriman's  Mechanics  of  Materials 8vo,  5  oo 

Strength  of  Materials I2mo,  i  oo 

Metcalf 's  Steel.     A  Manual  for  Steel-users i2mo,  2  oo 

Patton's  Practical  Treatise  on  Foundations 8vo,  5  oo 

Richardson's  Modern  Asphalt  Pavements 8vo,  3  oo 

.Richey's  Handbook  for  Superintendents  of  Construction i6mo,  mor.,  4  oo 

Rockwell's  Roads  and  Pavements  in  France i2mo,  i  25 

Sabin's  Industrial  and  Artistic  Technology  of  Paints  and  Varnish 8vo,  3  oo 

Smith's  Materials  of  Machines i2mo,  i  oo 

Snow's  Principal  Species  of  Wood 8vo,  3  50 

Spalding's  Hydraulic  Cement 12010,  2  oo 

Text-book  on  Roads  and  Pavements i2mo,  2  oo 

Taylor  and  Thompson's  Treatise  on  Concrete,  Plain  and  Reinforced 8vo,  5  oo 

Thurston's  Materials  of  Engineering.     3  Parts 8vo,  8  oo 

Parti.     Non-metallic  Materials  of  Engineering  and  Metallurgy 8vo,  2  oo 

Part  II.     Iron  and  Steel 8vo,  3  50 

Part  III.     A  Treatise  on  Brasses,  Bronzes,  and  Other  Alloys  and  their 

Constituents 8vo,  2  50 

Thurston's  Text-book  of  the  Materials  of  Construction 8vo,  5  oo 

Tillson's  Street  Pavements  and  Paving  Materials 8vo,  4  oo 

Waddell's  De  Pontibus.    (A  Pecket-book  for  Bridge  Engineers.) .  .  i6mo,  mer.,  2  oo 

Specifications  for  Steel  Bridges i2mo,  i  25 

Wood's  (De  V.)  Treatise  on  the  Resistance  of  Materials,  and  an  Appendix  on 

the  Preservation  of  Timber 8vo,  2  oo 

Wood's  (De  V.)  Elements  of  Analytical  Mechanics 8vo,  3  oo 

Wood's  (M.  P.)  Rustless  Coatings:    Corrosion  and  Electrolysis  of  Iron  and 

Steel 8vo,  4  oo 


RAILWAY  ENGINEERING.  *\ 

Andrew's  Handbook  for  Street  Railway  Engineers 3x5  inches,  morocco,  i  25 

Berg's  Buildings  and  Structures  of  American  Railroads 4to,  5  oo 

Brook's  Handbook  of  Street  Railroad  Location i6mo,  morocco,  i  50 

Butt's  Civil  Engineer's  Field-book x6mo,  morocco,  2  50 

Crandall's  Transition  Curve i6mo,  morocco,  i  50 

Railway  and  Other  Earthwork  Tables 8vo,  i  50 

Dawson's  "Engineering"  and  Electric  Traction  Pocket-book . .  i6mo,  morocco,  5  oo 

8 


Dredge's  History  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad:   (1879) Paper,  5  oo 

*  Drinker's  Tunnelling,  Explosive  Compounds,  and  Rock  Drills. 4to,  half  mor.,  25  oo 

Fisher's  Table  of  Cubic  Yards Cardboard,  25 

Godwin's  Raikoad  Engineers'  Field-book  and  Explorers'  Guide.  . .  i6mo,  mor.,  2  50 

Howard's  Transition  Curve  Field-book i6mo,  morocco,  i  50 

Hudson's  Tables  for  Calculating  the  Cubic  Contents  of  Excavations  and  Em- 
bankments  8vo,  i  oo 

Molitor  and  Beard's  Manual  for  Resident  Engineers i6mo,  i  oo 

Nagle's  Field  Manual  for  Raikoad  Engineers i6mo,  morocco,  3  oo 

Philbrick's  Field  Manual  for  Engineers .' i6mo,  morocco,  3  oo 

Searles's  Field  Engineering i6mo,  morocco,  3  oo 

Raikoad  Spiral i6mo,  merecco,  i  50 

Taylor's  Prismoidal  Formulae  and  Earthwork 8vo,  i  50 

*  Trautwine's  Method  of  Calculating  the  Cube  Contents  of  Excavations  and 

Embankments  by  the  Aid  of  Diagrams 8vo,  2  oo 

The  Field  Practice  of  Laying  Out  Circular  Curves  for  Raikoads. 

1 2 mo,  morocco,  2  5* 

Cross-section  Sheet Paper,  25 

Webb's  Raikoad  Construction i6mo,  morocco,  5  oo 

Wellington's  Economic  Theory  of  the  Location  of  Railways Small  8vo,  5  oo 


DRAWING. 

Barr's  Kinematics  of  Machinery 8vo,  2  50 

*  Bartlett's  Mechanical  Drawing 8vo,  3  oo 

*  "                    "                   "        Abridged  Ed 8vo,  150 

Coolidge's  Manual  of  Drawing 8vo,  paper  i  oo 

Coolidge  and  Freeman's  Elements  of  General  Drafting  for  Mechanical  Engi- 
neers  -. Oblong  4to,  2  50 

Durley's  Kinematics  of  Machines 8vo,  4  oo 

Emch's  Introduction  to  Projective  Geometry  and  its  Applications 8vo,  2  50 

Hill's  Text-book  on  Shades  and  Shadows,  and  Perspective 8vo,  2  oo 

Jamison's  Elements  of  Mechanical  Drawing 8vo,  2  50 

Advanced  Mechanical  Drawing 8vo,  2  oo 

Jones's  Machine  Design: 

Part  I.     Kinematics  of  Machinery 8vo,  i  50 

Part  II.     Form,  Strength,  and  Proportions  of  Parts 8vo,  3  oo 

MacCord's  Elements  of  Descriptive  Geometry 8vo,  3  oo 

Kinematics ;   or,  Practical  Mechanism 8vo,  5  oo 

Mechanical  Drawing 4to,  4  oo 

Velo«ity  Diagrams 8vo,  i"  50 

MacLeod's  Descriptive  Geometry Small  8vo,  i  50 

*  Mahan's  Descriptive  Geometry  and  Stone-cutting 8vo,  i  50 

Industrial  Drawing.  (Thompson.) 8vo,  3  50 

Moyer's  Descriptive  Geometry 8vo,  2  oo 

Heed's  Topographical  Drawing  and  Sketching 4to,  5  oo 

Reid's  Course  in  Mechanical  Drawing 8vo,  2  oo 

Text-book  of  Mechanical  Drawing  and  Elementary  Machine  Design. 8vo,  3  oo 

Robinson's  Principles  of  Mechanism 8vo,  3  oo 

Schwamb  and  Merrill's  Elements  of  Mechanism 8vo,  3  oo 

Smith's  (R.  S.)  Manual  of  Topographical  Drawing.  (McMillan.) 8vo,  2  50 

Smith  (A.  W.)  and  Marx's  Machine  Design 8vo,  3  oo 

Warren's  Elements  of  Plane  and  Solid  Free-hand  Geometrical  Drawing.  i2mo, 


Drafting  Instruments  and  Operations i2mo, 

Manual  of  Elementary  Projection  Drawing i2mo, 

Manual  of  Elementary  Problems  in  the  Linear  Perspective  of  Form  and 

Shadow f i2mo, 

Plane  Problems  in  Elementary  Geometry i2mo, 

9 


Warren's  Primary  Geometry i2mo,  75 

Elements  of  Descriptive  Geometry,  Shadows,  and  Perspective 8vo,  3  50 

General  Problems  of  Shades  and  Shadows 8vo,  3  oo 

Elements  of  Machine  Construction  and  Drawing 8vo,  7  50 

Problems,  Theorems,  and  Examples  in  Descriptive  Geometry 8vo,  2  50 

Weisbach's    Kinematics    and    Power    of    Transmission.        (Hermann    and 

Klein.) 8vo,  5  oo 

Whelpley's  Practical  Instruction  in  the  Art  of  Letter  Engraving i2mo,  2  oo 

Wilson's  (H.  M.)  Topographic  Surveying 8vo,  3  50 

Wilson's  (V.  T.)  Free-hand  Perspective 8vo,  2  50 

Wilson's  (V.  T.)  Free-hand  Lettering 8vo,  i  oo 

Woolf's  Elementary  Course  in  Descriptive  Geometry Large  8vo,  3  oo 

ELECTRICITY  AND  PHYSICS. 

Anthony  and  Brackett's  Text-book  of  Physics.     (Magie.) Small  8vo,  3  oo 

Anthony's  Lecture-notes  on  the  Theory  of  Electrical  Measurements.  .  .  .  i2mo,  i  oo 

Benjamin's  History  of  Electricity 8vo,  3  oo 

Voltaic  Cell 8vo,  3  oo 

Classen's  Quantitative  Chemical  Analysis  by  Electrolysis.     (Boltwood.).8vo,  3  oo 

Crehore  and  Squier's  Polarizing  Photo-chronograph 8vo,  3  oo 

Dawson's  "Engineering"  and  Electric  Traction  Pocket-book.  i6mo,  morocco,  5  oo 
Dolezalek's    Theory    of    the    Lead   Accumulator    (Storage    Battery).      (Von 

Ende.) i2mo,  2  50 

Duhem's  Thermodynamics  and  Chemistry.     (Burgess.) 8vo,  4  oo 

Flather's  Dynamometers,  and  the  Measurement  of  Power i2tno,  3  oo 

Gilbert's  De  Magnete.     (Mottelay.) 8vo,  2  50 

Hanchett's  Alternating  Currents  Explained i2mo,  i  oo 

Bering's  Ready  Reference  Tables  (Conversion  Factors) i6mo,  morocco,  2  50 

Holman's  Precision  of  Measurements 8vo,  2  oo 

Telescopic   Mirror-scale  Method,  Adjustments,  and  Tests.  . .  .Large  8vo,  75 

Kinzbrunner's  Testing  of  Continuous-current  Machines 8vo,  2  oo 

Landauer's  Spectrum  Analysis.     (Tingle.) 8vo,  3  oo 

Le  Chatelier's  High-temperature  Measurements.  (Boudouard — Burgess.)  i2mo,  3  oo 

Lob's  Electrochemistry  of  Organic  Compounds.     (Lorenz.) 8vo,  3  oo 

*  Lyons'?  Treatise  on  Electromagnetic  Phenomena.   Vols.  I.  and  II.  8vo,  each,  6  oo 

*  Michie's  Elements  of  Wave  Motion  Relating  to  Sound  and  Light 8vo,  4  oo 

Niaudet's  Elementary  Treatise  on  Electric  Batteries.     (Fishback.) i2mo,  2  50 

*  Parshall  and  Hobart's  Electric  Machine  Design 4to,  half  morocco,  12  50 

*  Rosenberg's  Electrical  Engineering.     (Haldane  Gee — Kinzbrunner.).  .  .8vo, 

Ryan,  Norris,  and  Hoxie's  Electrical  Machinery.     Vol.  1 8vo, 

Thurston's  Stationary  Steam-engines 8vo, 

*  Tillman's  Elementary  Lessons  in  Heat 8vo, 

Tory  and  Pitcher's  Manual  of  Laboratory  Physics Small  8vo, 

Ulke's  Modern  Electrolytic  Copper  Refining 8ro,  3  oo 

LAW. 

*  Davis's  Elements  of  Law 8vo,  2  50 

*  Treatise  on  the  Military  Law  of  United  States 8vo,  7  oo 

*  Sheep,  7  50 

Manual  for  Courts-martial i6mo,  morocco,  i  50 

Wait's  Engineering  and  Architectural  Jurisprudence < 8vo,  6  oo 

Sheep,  6  50 

Law  of  Operations  Preliminary  to  Construction  in  Engineering  and  Archi- 
tecture  8vo  5  oo 

Sheep,  5  50 

Law  of  Contracts 8vo,  3  oa 

Winthrop's  Abridgment  of  Military  Law I2mo,  2  So 

10 


MANUFACTURES. 

Bernadou's  Smokeless  Powder— Nitro-cellulose  and  Theory  of  th?  Cellulose 

Molecule I2mo,  2  50- 

Bolland's  Iron  Founder i,2mo,  2  50 

"  The  Iron  Founder,"  Supplement i2mo,  2  50 

Encyclopedia  of  Founding  and  Dictionary  of  Foundry  Terms  Used  in  the 

Practice  of  Moulding , I2mo,  3  oo 

*  Eckel's  Cements,  Limes,  and  Plasters 8vo,  6  oo 

Eissler's  Modern  High  Explosives 8vo,  4  oo 

Effront's  Enzymes  and  their  Applications.     (Prescott.) 8vo,  3  oo 

Fitzgerald's  Boston  Machinist I2mo,  i  oo 

Ford's  Boiler  Making  for  Boiler  Makers i8mo,  i  oo 

Hopkin's  Oil-chemists'  Handbook 8vo,  3  oo 

Keep's  Cast  Iron 8vo,  2  50 

Leach's  The  Inspection  and  Analysis  of  Food  with  Special  Reference  to  State 

Control Large  8vo,  7  50 

*  McKay  and  Larsen's  Principles  and  Practice  of  Butter-making 8vo,  i  50 

Matthews's  The  Textile  Fibres 8vo,  3  50 

Metcalf's  Steel.     A  Manual  for  Steel-users i2mo,  2  oo 

Mstcalfe's  Cost  of  Manufactures — And  the  Administration  of  Workshops. 8vo,  5  oo 

Meyer's  Modern  Locomotive  Construction 4to,  10  oo 

Morse's  Calculations  used  in  Cane-sugar  Factories i6mo,  morocco,  i  50 

*  Reisig's  Guide  to  Piece-dyeing 8vo,  25  oo 

Rice's  Concrete-block  Manufacture 8vo,  2  oo 

Sabin's  Industrial  and  Artistic  Technology  of  Paints  and  Varnish 8vo,  3  oa 

Smith's  Press-working  of  Metals 8vo,  3  oa 

Spalding's  Hydraulic  Cement i2mo,  2  oo 

Spencer's  Handbook  for  Chemists  of  Beet-sugar  Houses i6mo,  morocco,  3  oo 

Handbook  for  Cane  Sugar  Manufacturers i6mo,  morocco,  3  oo 

Taylor  and  Thompson's  Treatise  on  Concrete,  Plain  and  Reinforced 8vo,  5  oo 

Thurston's  Manual  of  Steam-boilers,  their  Designs,  Construction  and  Opera- 
tion  8vo,  5  oo 

*  Walke's  Lectures  on  Explosives 8vo,  4  oa 

Ware's  Beet-sugar  Manufacture  and  Refining Small  8vo,  4  oo 

West's  American  Foundry  Practice i2mo,  2  50 

Moulder's  Text-book i amo,  2  50 

Wolff's  Windmill  as  a  Prime  Mover 8vo,  3  oo 

Wood's  Rustless  Coatings:   Corrosion  and  Electrolysis  of  Iron  and  Steel.  .8vo,  4  oa 

MATHEMATICS. 

Baker's  Elliptic  Functions 8vo,  i  50 

*  Bass's  Elements  of  Differential  Calculus i2mo,  4  oa 

Briggs's  Elements  of  Plane  Analytic  Geometry i2mo,  oa 

Compton's  Manual  of  Logarithmic  Computations i2mo,  50 

Davis's  Introduction  to  the  Logic  of  Algebra 8vo,  50 

*  Dickson's  College  Algebra Large  i2mo,  50 

*  Introduction  to  the  Theory  of  Algebraic  Equations Large  i2mo,  25 

Emch's  Introduction  to  Projective  Geometry  and  its  Applications 8vo,  50 

Halsted's  Elements  of  Geometry 8vo,  75 

Elementary  Synthetic  Geometry. 8vo,  sa 

Rational  Geometry I2mo,  75 

*  Johnson's  (J.  B.)  Three-place  Logarithmic  Tables:   Vest-pocket  size. paper,  15 

100  copies  for  5  oo 

*  Mounted  on  heavy  cardboard,  8  X  TO  inches,  25 

10  copies  for  2  oo 

Johnson's  (W.  W.)  Elementary  Treatise  on  Differential  Calculus.  .Small  8vo,  3  oo 

Elementary  Treatise  on  the  Integral  Calculus Small  8vo,  i  50 

11 


Johnson's  (W.  W.)  Curve  Tracing  in  Cartesian  Co-ordinates 12 mo,     i  oo 

Johnson's  (W.  W.)  Treatise  on  Ordinary  and  Partial  Differential  Equations. 

'    Small  8vo,    3  50 
Johnson's  (W.  W.)  Theory  of  Errors  and  the  Method  of  Least  Squares.  12 mo,     i  50 

*  Johnson's  (W.  W.)  Theoretical  Mechanics i2mo,    3  oo 

Laplace's  Philosophical  Essay  on  Probabilities.     (Truscott  and  Emory.).  lamo,    2  oo 

*  Ludlow  and  Bass.     Elements  of  Trigonometry  and  Logarithmic  and  Other 

Tables 8vo,    3  oo 

Trigonometry  and  Tables  published  separately Each,    2  oo 

*  Ludlow's  Logarithmic  and  Trigonometric  Tables 8vo,     i  oo 

Manning's  Irrational  Numbers  and  their  Representation  by  Sequences  and  Series 

i2mo,     i  25 
Mathematical  Monographs.     Edited  by  Mansfield  Merriman  and  Robert 

S.  Woodward Octavo,  each     i  oo 

No.  i.  History  of  Modern  Mathematics,  by  David  Eugene  Smith. 
No.  2.  Synthetic  Projective  Geometry,  by  George  Bruce  Halsted. 
No.  3.  Determinants,  by  Laenas  Gifford  Weld.  No.  4.  Hyper- 
bolic Functions,  by  James  McMahon.  No.  5.  Harmonic  Func- 
tions, by  William  E.  Byerly.  No.  6.  Grassmann's  Space  Analysis, 
by  Edward  W.  Hyde.  No.  7.  Probability  and  Theory  of  Errors, 
by  Robert  S.  Woodward.  No.  8.  Vector  Analysis  and  Quaternions, 
by  Alexander  Macfarlane.  No.  9.  Differential  Equations,  by 
"William  Woolsey  Johnson.  No.  10.  The  Solution  of  Equations, 
by  Mansfield  Merriman.  No.  n.  Functions  of  a  Complex  Variable, 
by  Thomas  S.  Fiske. 

Maurer's  Technical  Mechanics. 8vo, 

Merriman's  Method  of  Least  Squares 8vo, 


Rice  and  Johnson's  Elementary  Treatise  on  the  Differential  Calculus. .  Sm.  8vo, 
Differential  and  Integral  Calculus.  2  vols.  in  one Small  8vo, 

Wood's  Elements  of  Co-ordinate  Geometry 8vo, 

Trigonometry;  Analytical,  Plane,  and  Spherical i2mo, 

MECHANICAL  ENGINEERING. 

MATERIALS  OF  ENGINEERING,  STEAM-ENGINES  AND  BOILERS. 

Bacon's  Forge  P/actice i2mo,  i  50 

Baldwin's  Steam  Heating  for  Buildings i2mo,  2  50 

Barr's  Kinematics  of  Machinery 8vo,  2  50 

*  Bartlett's  Mechanical  Drawing 8vo,  3  oo 

*  "  "  "        Abridged  Ed 8vo,     150 

Benjamin's  Wrinkles  and  Recipes i2mo,    2  oo 

Carpenter's  Experimental  Engineering 8vo,    6  oo 

Heating  and  Ventilating  Buildings 8vo,  4  oo 

Cary's  Smoke  Suppression  in  Plants  using  Bituminous  Coal.     (In  Prepara- 
tion.) 

Clerk's  Gas  and  Oil  Engine .' Small  8vo,  4  oo 

Coolidge's  Manual  of  Drawing 8vo,  paper,  i  oo 

Coolidge  and  Freeman's  Elements  of  General  Drafting  for  Mechanical  En- 
gineers  Oblong  4to,  2  50 

Cromwell's  Treatise  on  Toothed  Gearing i2mo,  i  50 

Treatise  on  Belts  and  Pulleys i2mo,  i  50 

Durley's  Kinematics  of  Machines 8vo,  4  oo 

Flather's  Dynamometers  and  the  Measurement  of  Power i2mo,  3  oo 

Rope  Driving i2mo,  2  oo 

Gill's  Gas  and  Fuel  Analysis  for  Engineers i2mo,  i  25 

Hall's  Car  Lubrication I2mo,  i  oo 

Bering's  Ready  Reference  Tables  (Conversion  Factors) i6mo,  morocco,  2  50 

12 


Button's  The  Gas  Engine 8vo,  5  oo 

Jamison's  Mechanical  Drawing 8vo,  2  50 

Jones's  Machine  Design: 

Part  I.     Kinematics  of  Machinery 8vo,  i  50 

Part  II.     Form,  Strength,  and  Proportions  of  Parts 8vo,  3  oo 

Kent's  Mechanical  Engineers'  Pocket-book i6mo,  morocco,  5  oo 

Kerr's  Power  and  Power  Transmission 8vo,  2  oo 

Leonard's  Machine  Shop,  Tools,  and  Methods 8vo,  4  oo 

*  Lorenz's  Modern  Refrigerating  Machinery.    (Pope,  Haven,  and  Dean.) .  .  8vo,  4  oo 

MacCord's  Kinematics;   or,  Practical  Mechanism 8vo,  5  oo 

Mechanical  Drawing 4to,  4  oo 

Velocity  Diagrams 8vo,  i  50 

MacFar land's  Standard  Reduction  Factors  for  Gases 8vo,  i  50 

Mahan's  Industrial  Drawing.     (Thompson.) 8vo,  3  50 

Poole's  Calorific  Power  of  Fuels 8vo,  3  oo 

Reid's  Course  in  Mechanical  Drawing 8vo,  2  oo 

Text-book  of  Mechanical  Drawing  and  Elementary  Machine  Design. 8vo,  3  oo 

Hichard's  Compressed  Air i2mo,  i  50 

Robinson's  Principles  of  Mechanism 8vo,  3  oo 

Schwamb  and  Merrill's  Elements  of  Mechanism 8vo,  3  oo 

Smith's  (O.)  Press-working  of  Metals 8vo,  3  oo 

Smith  (A.  W.)  and  Marx's  Machine  Design 8vo,  3  oo 

Thurston's   Treatise   on   Friction  and   Lost   Work   in   Machinery   and   Mill 

Work 8vo,  3  oo 

Animal  as  a  Machine  and  Prime  Motor,  and  the  Laws  of  Energetics.  i2mo,  i  oo 

Warren's  Elements  of  Machine  Construction  and  Drawing 8vo,  7  50 

Weisbach's    Kinematics    and    the    Power    of    Transmission.     (Herrmann — 

Klein.) t 8vo,  5  oo 

Machinery  of  Transmission  and  Governors.     (Herrmann — Klein.).  .8vo,  5  oo 

"Wolff's  Windmill  as  a  Prime  Mover 8vo,  3  oo 

Wood's  Turbines 8vo,  2  50 


MATERIALS   OP   ENGINEERING. 

*  Bovey's  Strength  of  Materials  and  Theory  of  Structures 8vo,  7  50 

JBurr's  Elasticity  and  Resistance  of  the  Materials  of  Engineering.    6th  Edition. 

Reset 8vo,  7  50 

Church's  Mechanics  of  Engineering 8vo,  6  oo 

*  Greene's  Structural  Mechanics 8vo,  2  50 

Johnson's  Materials  of  Construction 8vo,  6  oo 

Xeep's  Cast  Iron 8vo,  2  50 

Lanza's  Applied  Mechanics 8vo,  7  50 

Martens 's  Handbook  on  Testing  Materials.     (Henning.) 8vo,  7  50 

Maurer's  Technical  Mechanics 8vo,  4  oo 

lUerriman's  Mechanics  of  Materials 8vo,  5  oo 

Strength  of  Materials i2mo,  i  oo 

Metcalf 's  Steel.     A  manual  for  Steel-users i2mo,  2  oo 

Cabin's  Industrial  and  Artistic  Technology  of  Paints  and  Varnish 8vo,  3  oo 

Smith's  Materials  of  Machines I2mo,  i  oo 

Thurston's  Materials  of  Engineering 3  vols.,  8vo,  8  oo 

Part  II.     Iron  and  Steel 8vo,  3  50 

Part  in.     A  Treatise  on  Brasses,  Bronzes,  and  Other  Alloys  and  their 

Constituents 8vo,  2  50 

Text-book  of  the  Materials  of  Construction 8vo,  5  oo 

Wood's  (De  V  )  Treatise  on  the  Resistance  of  Materials  and  an  Appendix  on 

the  Preservation  of  Timber 8vo,  2  oo 

Elements  of  Analytical  Mechanics 8vo,  3  oo 

13 


Wood't  (M.  P.)  Rustless  C«atings:    Corrosion  and  Electrolysis  of  Iron  and 

Steel „ 8vo,  4  o<x 

STEAM-ENGINES   AND  BOILERS. 

Berry's  Temperature-entropy  Diagram 12010,  25 

Carnot's  Reflections  on  the  Motive  Power  of  Heat.     (Thurston.) i2mo,  50 

Dawson's  "  Engineering  "  and  Electric  Traction  Pocket-book.  .  . .  i6mo,  mor.,  oo 

Ford's  Boiler  Making  for  Boiler  Makers i8mo,  oo 

Goss's  Locomotive  Sparks 8vo,  oo 

Hemenway's  Indicator  Practice  and  Steam-engine  Economy i2mo,  oo 

Button's  Mechanical  Engineering  of  Power  Plants 8vo,  5  oo 

Heat  and  Heat-engines 8vo.  5  oo 

Kent's  Steam  boiler  Economy 8vo,  4  oo 

Kneass's  Practice  and  Theory  of  the  Injector 8vo,  i  50 

MacCord's  Slide-valves 8vo,  2  oo 

Meyer's  Modern  Locomotive  Construction 4to,  10  oc 

Peabody's  Manual  of  the  Steam-engine  Indicator i2mo  i  50 

Tables  of  the  Properties  of  Saturated  Steam  and  Other  Vapors    8vo,  i  oo- 

Thermodynamics  of  the  Steam-engine  and  Other  Heat-engines 8vo,  5  oo 

Valve-gears  for  Steam-engines 8vo,  2  50 

Peabody  and  Miller's  Steam-boi'ers 8vo,  4  oo 

Pray's  Twenty  Years  with  the  Indicator Large  8vo,  2  50 

Pupin's  Thermodynamics  of  Reversible  Cycles  in  Gases  and  Saturated  Vapors. 

(Osterberg.) i2mo,  i  25. 

Reagan's  Locomotives:   Simple   Compound,  and  Electric i2mo,  2  50 

Rontgen's  Principles  of  Thermodynamics.     (Du  Bois.) 8vo,  5  oo 

Sinclair's  Locomotive  Engine  Running  and  Management i2mo,  2  oo 

Smart's  Handbook  of  Engineering  Laboratory  Practice i2mo,  2  50 

Snow's  Steam-boiler  Practice 8vo,  3  oo 

Spangler's  Valve-gears 8vo,  2  50 

Notes  on  Thermodynamics i2mo,  i  oo 

Spangler,  Greene,  and  Marshall's  Elements  of  Steam-engineering 8vo,  3  oo 

Thomas's  Steam-turbines 8vo,  3  50 

Thurston's  Handy  Tables 8vo,  i  50 

Manual  of  the  Steam-engine 2  vols.,  8vo,  10  oo 

Part  I.     History,  Structure,  and  Theory 8vo,  6  oo 

Part  II.     Design,  Construction,  and  Operation 8vo,  6  oo 

Handbook  of  Engine  and  Boiler  Trials,  and  the  Use  of  the  Indicator  and 

the  Prony  Brake 8vo,  5  oo 

Stationary  Steam-engines 8vo,  2  50 

Steam-boiler  Explosions  in  Theory  and  in  Practice I2mo,  i  50 

Manual  of  Steam-boilers,  their  Designs,  Construction,  and  Operation 8vo  5  oo 

Wehrenfenning's  Analysis  and  Softening  of  Boiler  Feed-water  (Patterson)  8vo,  4  oo 

Weisbach's  Heat,  Steam,  and  Steam-engines.     (Du  Bois.) 8vo,  5  oo 

Whitham's  Steam-engine  Design 8vo,  5  oo 

Wood's  Thermodynamics,  Heat  Motors,  and  Refrigerating  Machines.  .  .8vo,  4  oo- 


MECHANICS  AND   MACHINERY. 

Barr's  Kinematics  of  Machinery 8vo,  2  50 

*  Bovey's  Strength  of  Materials  and  Theory  of  Structures   8vo,  7  50 

Chase's  The  Art  of  Pattern-making I2mo,  2  50 

Church's  Mechanics  of  Engineering 8vo,  6  oo 

Notes  and  Examples  in  Mechanics 8vo,  2  oo 

Compton's  First  Lessons  in  Metal-working i2mo,  i  50 

Compton  and  De  Groodt's  The  Speed  Lathe I2mo,  i  so 

14 


Cromwell's  Treatise  on  Toothed  Gearing i2mo,  i  50 

Treatise  on  Belts  and  Pulleys i2mo,  i  50 

Dana's  Text-book  of  Elementary  Mechanics  for  Colleges  and  Schools.  .i2mo,  i  50 

Dingey's  Machinery  Pattern  Making i2mo,  2  oo 

Dredge's  Record  of  the  Transportation  Exhibits  Building  of  the  World's 

Columbian  Exposition  of  1893 4to  half  morocco,  5  oo 

Du  Bois's  Elementary  Principles  of  Mechanics : 

Vol.      I.     Kinematics 8vo,  3  50 

Vol.    II.     Statics 8vo,  4  oo 

Mechanics  of  Engineering.     Vol.    I Small  4to,  7  50 

Vol.  II Small  4to,  10  oo 

Durley's  Kinematics  of  Machines 8vo,  4  oo 

Fitzgerald's  Boston  Machinist i6mo,  i  oo 

Flather's  Dynamometers,  and  the  Measurement  of  Power :  .i2mo,  3  oo 

Rope  Driving i2mo,  2  oo 

Goss's  Locomotive  Sparks 8vo,  2  oo 

*  Greene's  Structural  Mechanics 8vo,  2  50 

Hall's  Car  Lubrication i2mo,  i  oo 

Holly's  Art  of  Saw  Filing i8mo,  75 

James's  Kinematics  of  a  Point  and  the  Rational  Mechanics  of  a  Particle. 

Small  8vo,  2  oo 

*  Johnson's  (W.  W.)  Theoretical  Mechanics I2mo,  3  oo 

Johnson's  (L.  J.)  Statics  by  Graphic  and  Algebraic  Methods 8vo,  2  oo 

Jones's  Machine  Design: 

Part    I.     Kinematics  of  Machinery 8vo,  i  50 

Part  II.     Form,  Strength,  and  Proportions  of  Parts 8vo,  3  oo 

Kerr's  Power  and  Power  Transmission 8vo  2  oo 

Lanza's  Applied  Mechanics 8vo,  7  50 

Leonard's  Machine  Shop,  Tools,  and  Methods „  .  . .  .8vo,  4  oo 

*  Lorenz's  Modern  Refrigerating  Machinery.     (Pope,  Haven,  and  Dean.). 8vo,  4  oo 
MacCord's  Kinematics;   or,  Practical  Mechanism 8ro,  5  oo 

Velocity  Diagrams 8vo,  i   50 

*  Martin's  Text  Book  on  Mechanics,  Vol.  I,  Statics i2mo,  i  25 

Tflaurer's  Technical  Mechanics 8vo,  4  oo 

Merriman's  Mechanics  of  Materials 8vo,  5  oo 

*  Elements  of  Mechanics I2mo,  i  oo 

*  Michie's  Elements  of  Analytical  Mechanics 8vo,  4  oo 

*  Parshalland  Hobart's  Electric  Machine  Design 4to,  half  morocco,  12  50 

Reagan's  Locomotives:   Simple,  Compound,  and  Electric i2mo,  2  50 

Reid's  Course  in  Mechanical  Drawing 8vo,  2  oo 

Text-book  of  Mechanical  Drawing  and  Elementary  Machine  Design. 8vo,  3  oo 

Richards's  Compressed  Air i2mo,  i  50 

Robinson's  Principles  of  Mechanism 8vo,  3  oo 

Ryan,  Norris,  and  Hoxie's  Electrical  Machinery.     Vol.  1 8vo,  2  50 

Schwamb  and  Merrill's  Elements  of  Mechanism 8vo,  3  oo 

Sinclair's  Locomotive-engine  Running  and  Management 12 mo,  2  oo 

Smith's  (O.)  Press- working  of  Metals 8vo,  3  oo 

Smith's  (A.  W.)  Materials  of  Machines i2mo,  i  oo 

"Smith  (A.  W.)  and  Marx's  Machine  Design 8vo,  3  oo 

Spangler,  Greenland  Marshall's  Elements  of  Steam-engineering 8vo,  3  oo 

Tlfurston's  Treatise  on  Friction   and   Lost  Work  in    Machinery  and    Mill 

•    •'             Work 8vo,  3  oo 

Animal  as  a  Machine  and  Prime  Motor,  and  the  Laws  of  Energetics.  i2mo,  i  oo 

Warren's  Elements  of  Machine  Construction  aiid  Drawing 8vo,  7  50 

Weisbach's  Kinematics  and  Power  of  Transmission.   (Herrmann — Klein.) .  8vo,  5  oo 

Machinery  of  Transmission  and  Governors.      (Herrmann — Klein.). 8vo,  5  oo 

Wood's  Elements  of  Analytical  Mechanics 8vo,  3  oo 

Principles  of  Elementary  Mechanics i2mo,  i  25 

Turbines 8vo,  a  50 

The  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893 4to,  i  oo 

15 


METALLURGY. 

Egleston's  Metallurgy  of  Silver,  Gold,  and  Mercury : 

Vol.    I.     Silver 8vo,  750 

Vol.  II.     Gold  and  Mercury 8vo,  7  50 

Goesel's  Minerals  and  Metals:     A  Reference  Book , . . .  .  i6mo,  mor.  3  oo 

**  Iles's  Lead-smelting.     (Postage  9  cents  additional.) i2mo,  2  50 

Keep's  Cast  Iron 8vo,  2  so> 

Kunhardt's  Practice  of  Ore  Dressing  in  Europe .8vo,  i  50 

Le  Chatelier's  High-temperature  Measurements.  (Boudouard — Burgess. )i2mo.  3  oo 

Metcalf's  Steel.     A  Manual  for  Steel-users i2mo,  2  oo 

Minet's  Production  of  Aluminum  and  its  Industrial  Use.     (Waldo.). . .  .  i2mo,  2  50 

Robine  and  Lenglen's  Cyanide  Industry.     (Le  Clerc.) 8vo,  4  oo 

Smith's  Materials  of  Machines.  . .  .  , i2mo,  i  oo 

Thurston's  Materials  of  Engineering.     In  Three  Parts 8vo,  8  oo 

Part    II.     Iron  and  Steel .- 8vo,  3  50 

Part  III.     A  Treatise  on  Brasses,  Bronzes,  and  Other  Alloys  and  their 

Constituents 8vo,  2  50 

Hike's  Modern  Electrolytic  Copper  Refining 8vo,  3  oo 


MINERALOGY. 

Barringer's  Description  of  Minerals  of  Commercial  Value.    Oblong,  morocco,  2  50 

Boyd's  Resources  of  Southwest  Virginia 8vo,  3  oo 

Map  of  Southwest  Virignia Pocket-book  form.  2  oo 

Brush's  Manual  of  Determinative  Mineralogy.     (Penfield.) 8vo,  4  oo 

Chester's  Catalogue  of  Minerals 8vo,  paper,  i  oo 

Cloth,  i  25 

Dictionary  of  the  Names  of  Minerals 8vo  3  50 

Dana's  System  of  Mineralogy Large  8vo,  half  leather,  12  50 

First  Appendix  to  Dana's  New  "  System  of  Mineralogy." Large  8vo,  i  oo 

Text-book  of  Mineralogy 8vo,  4  oo 

Minerals  and  How  to  Study  Them i2mo,  i  50 

Catalogue  of  American  Localities  of  Minerals. Large  8vo,  i  oo 

Manual  of  Mineralogy  and  Petrography 12010,  2  oo 

Douglas's  Untechnical  Addresses  on  Technical  Subjects 12010,  i  oo 

Eakle's  Mineral  Tables 8vo,  i  25 

Egleston's  Catalogue  of  Minerals  and  Synonyms 8vo,  2  50 

Goesel's  Minerals  and  Metals:     A  Reference  Book i6mo,  mor.  3  oo 

Groth's  Introduction  to  Chemical  Crystallography  (Marshall) 12 mo,  i  25 

Hussak's  The  Determination  of  Rock-forming  Minerals.    (Smith.). Small 8vo,  2  oo 

Merrill's  Non-metallic  Minerals:   Their  Occurrence  and  Uses 8vo,  4  oo 

*  Penfield's  Notes  on  Determinative  Mineralogy  and  Record  of  Mineral  Tests. 

8vo,  paper,  50 
Rosenbusch's   Microscopical   Physiography   of   the   Rock-making  Minerals. 

(Iddings.) 8vo,  5  oo 

*  Tillman's  Text-book  of  Important  Minerals  and  Rocks 8vo,  2  oo 


MINING. 

Beard's  Ventilation  of  Mines I2mo,  2  50 

Boyd's  Resources  of  Southwest  Virginia 8vo,  3  oo 

*  Map  of  Southwest  Virginia Pocket-book  form,  2  oo 

Douglas's  Untechnical  Addresses  on  Technical  Subjects i2mo,  i  oo 

*  Drinker's  Tunneling,  Explosive  Compounds,  and  Rock  Drills.  .4to,hf.  mor.,  25  oo 

Eissler's  Modern  High  Explosives 8vo,  4  oo 

Goesel's  Minerals  and  Metals :    A  Reference  Book 1 6mo,  mor.  3  oo 

16 


Goodyear's  Coal-mines  of  the  Western  Coast  of  the  United  States i2mo,  2  50 

ihlseng's  Manual  of  Mining 8vo,  5  oo 

**  Iles's  Lead-smelting.     (Postage  pc.  additional.) i2mo,  2  50 

Kunhardt's  Practice  of  Ore  Dressing  in  Europe 8vo,  i  50 

O'Driscoll's  Notes  on  the  Treatment  of  Gold  Ores 8vo,  2  oo 

Robine  and  Lenglen's  Cyanide  Industry.     (Le  Clerc.) 8vo,  4  oo 

*  Walke's  Lectures  on  Explosives 8vo,  4  oo 

Wilson's  Cyanide  Processes i2mo,  i  50 

Chlorination  Process I2mo,  i  50 

Hydraulic  and  Placer  Mining i2mo,  2  oo 

Treatise  on  Practical  and  Theoretical  Mine  Ventilation I2mo,  i  25 


SANITARY  SCIENCE. 

Bashore's  Sani+ition  of  a  Country  House lamo,  i  oo 

FolwelTs  Sewerage.     (Designing,  Construction,  and  Maintenance.) 8vo,  3  oo 

Water-supply  Engineering 8vo,  4  oo 

Fowler's  Sewage  Works  Analyses i2mo,  2  oo 

Fuertes's  Water  and  Public  Health i2mo,  i  50 

Water-filtration  Works i2mo,  2  50 

Gerhard's  Guide  to  Sanitary  House-inspection i6mo,  i  oo 

Goodrich's  Economic  Disposal  of  Town's  Refuse Demy  8vo,  3  50 

Hazen's  Filtration  of  Public  Water-supplies 8vo,  3  oo 

Leach's  The  Inspection  and  Analysis  of  Food  with  Special  Reference  to  State 

Control 8vo,  7  50 

Mason's  Water-supply.  ( Considered  principally  from  a  Sanitary  Standpoint)  8vo,  4  oo 

Examination  of  Water.     (Chemical  and  Bacteriological.) 12 mo,  i  25 

Ogden's  Sewer  Design 12 mo,  2  oo 

Prescott  and  Winslow's  Elements  of  Water  Bacteriology,  with  Special  Refer- 
ence to  Sanitary  Water  Analysis i2mo,  i  25 

*  Price's  Handbook  on  Sanitation i2tno,  i  50 

Richards's  Cost  of  Food.     A  Study  in  Dietaries i2mo,  i  oo 

Cost  of  Living  as  Modified  by  Sanitary  Science i2mo,  i  oo 

Cost  of  Shelter 1 2mo,  i  oo 

Richards  and  Woodman's  Air,  Water ,0  and  Food  from  a  Sanitary  Stand- 
point  8vo,  2  oo 

*  Richards  and  Williams's  The  Dietary  Computer 8vo,  i  50 

Rideal's  Sewage  and  Bacterial  Purification  of  Sewage 8vo,  3  50 

Turneaure  and  Russell's  Public  Water-supplies 8vo,  5  oo 

Von  Behring's  Suppression  of  Tuberculosis.     (Bolduan.) i2mo,  i  oo 

Whipple's  Microscopy  of  Drinking-water 8vo,  3  50 

Winton's  Microscopy  of  Vegetable  Foods 8vo,  7  50 

Woodhull's  Notes  on  Military  Hygiene i6mo,  i  50 

*  Personal  Hygiene i2mo,  i  oo 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

De  Fursac's  Manual  of  Psychiatry.     (Rosanoff  and  Collins.) Large  i2mo,  2  50 

Ehrlich's  Collected  Studies  on  Immunity  (  Bolduan) 8vo,  6  oo 

Emmons's  Geological  Guide-book  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Excursion  of  the 

International  Congress  of  Geologists Large  £vo,  i  50 

Ferrel's  Popular  Treatise  on  the  Winds. 8vo.  4  oo 

Haines's  American  Railway  Management i2mo,  2  so 

Mott's  Fallacy  of  the  Present  Theory  of  Sound i6mo,  i  oo 

Ricketts's  History  of  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  1 824-1 894.. Small  8 vo,  3  oo 

Rostoski's  Serum  Diagnosis.     (Bolduan.) „ i2mo,  x  oo 

Rotherham's  Emphasized  New  Testament Large  8vo,  3  oo 

17 


Steel's  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  the  Dog * 8vo,  3  50 

The  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893 4to,  i  oo 

Von  Behring's  Suppression  ot  Tuberculosis.     (Bolduan.) i2mo,  i  oo 

Winslow's  Elements  of  Applied  Microscopy lamo,  i  50 

Worcester  and  Atkinson.     Small  Hospitals,  Establishment  and  Maintenance; 

Suggestions  for  Hospital  Architecture :  Plans  for  Small  Hospital .  1 2mo,  i  25 


HEBREW  AND  CHALDEE  TEXT-BOOKS. 


Green's  Elementary  Hebrew  Grammar izmo,  i  25 

Hebrew  Chrestomathy 8vo,  2  oo 

Gesenius's  Hebrew  and  Chaldee  Lexicon  to  the  Old  Testament  Scriptures. 

(Tregelles.) Small  4to,  half  morocco,  5  oo 

Letteris's  Hebrew  Bible. 8vo,  2  25 

18 


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